SP 10.13130.2009

SET OF RULES

Fire protection systems

INTERNAL FIRE PIPING

Fire safety requirements

Fire protection system. Fire line inside. Fire safety requirements

OKS 13.220.10
OKVED 7523040

Date of introduction 2009-05-01

Preface

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002 “On Technical Regulation”, and the rules for applying sets of rules are established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules” of November 19, 2008 .N 858

Rulebook Details

1 DEVELOPED BY FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"

3 APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated March 25, 2009 N 180

4 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME


Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notifications and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) on the Internet


AMENDED Change No. 1, approved and put into effect on 02/01/2011 by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated 12/09/2010 N 641

Change No. 1 was made by the database manufacturer

1. General Provisions

1. General Provisions

1.1 This set of rules was developed in accordance with articles , , , and 107 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Regulations), is a regulatory document on fire safety in the field of standardization voluntary application and establishes fire safety requirements for internal fire water supply systems.

If there are no fire safety requirements for the object of protection in the codes of rules, or if, in order to achieve the required level of its fire safety, technical solutions are used that differ from the solutions provided for by the codes of rules, based on the provisions of the Technical Regulations, special technical conditions must be developed that provide for the implementation of a set of measures to ensure the required level of fire safety of the protected object.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.2 This set of rules applies to designed and reconstructed internal fire water supply systems.

1.3 This set of rules does not apply to internal fire water supply:

buildings and structures designed according to special technical conditions;

enterprises producing or storing explosive and flammable combustible substances;

for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:

- reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);

- decomposing upon interaction with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of flammable gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides);

- interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);

- spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).

1.4 This set of rules can be used when developing special technical specifications for the design and construction of buildings.

2 Normative references

This code of practice uses normative references to the following standards:

GOST 27331-87 Fire fighting equipment. Fire classification

GOST R 51844-2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire cabinets. General technical requirements. Test methods

Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards, sets of rules and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or using the annually published information index "National Standards", which is published on as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this set of rules you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms and definitions

In this standard, the following terms with corresponding definitions apply:

3.1 internal fire water supply(ERW): A set of pipelines and technical means that provide water supply to fire hydrants.

3.2 water tank: A water feeder filled with a calculated volume of water under atmospheric pressure, automatically providing pressure in the ERW pipelines due to the piezometric height of the location above the fire hydrants, as well as the calculated water flow required for the operation of the ERW fire hydrants until the main water feeder (pumping unit) reaches operating mode. .

3.3 height of the compact part of the jet: The conventional height (length) of a water jet flowing from a manual fire nozzle, while maintaining its compactness.

Note - The height of the compact part of the jet is assumed to be equal to 0.8 of the height of the vertical jet.

3.4 hydropneumatic tank(hydropneumotank): Water feeder (sealed vessel), partially filled with the calculated volume of water (30-70% of the tank capacity) and under excess pressure of compressed air, automatically providing pressure in the ERV pipelines, as well as the calculated water flow required for the work of firefighters ERW taps until the main water supply (pumping unit) reaches operating mode.

3.5 pumping unit: A pump unit with component equipment (piping elements and a control system), mounted according to a specific scheme that ensures the operation of the pump.

3.6 omission: An ERW distribution pipeline through which water is supplied from top to bottom.

3.7 fire hydrant(PC): A set consisting of a valve installed on the internal fire-fighting water supply and equipped with a fire connection head, as well as a fire hose with a manual fire nozzle in accordance with GOST R 51844.

3.8 fire cabinet: A type of firefighting equipment designed to accommodate and ensure the safety of technical equipment used during a fire in accordance with GOST R 51844.

3.9 riser: An ERW distribution pipeline with fire hydrants placed on it, through which water is supplied from bottom to top.

4 Technical requirements

4.1 Pipelines and technical means*
______________

* Changed edition, Rev. N 1.

4.1.1 For residential and public buildings, as well as administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, the need to install an internal fire-fighting water supply system, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing, should be determined in accordance with Table 1, and for industrial and warehouse buildings - in accordance with Table 2 .

Table 1 - Number of fire nozzles and minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing

Residential, public and administrative buildings and premises	Number of fire trunks	Minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, l/s, per jet
1 Residential buildings:
with the number of floors from 12 to 16 inclusive.
with the number of floors St. 16 to 25 incl.
the same, with the total length of the corridor of St. 10 m
2 Office buildings:
height from 6 to 10 floors inclusive. and volume up to 25,000 m inclusive.
the same, volume of St. 25000 m
the same, volume of St. 25000 m
3 Clubs with a stage, theaters, cinemas, assembly and conference halls equipped with film equipment	According to *
4 Dormitories and public buildings not listed in item 2:
with the number of floors up to 10 inclusive. and volume from 5000 to 25000 m inclusive.
the same, volume of St. 25000 m
with the number of floors St. 10 and volume up to 25,000 m inclusive.
the same, volume of St. 25000 m
5 Administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, volume, m:
from 5000 to 25000 m incl.
St. 25000 m

___________
* See Bibliography section. - Database manufacturer's note.

Table 2 - Number of fire nozzles and minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and warehouse buildings

Fire resistance level of buildings		Number of fire nozzles and minimum water consumption, l/s, per 1 fire nozzle, for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and warehouse buildings up to 50 m high inclusive. and volume, thousand m
		from 0.5 to 5 incl.	St. 5 to 50 incl.	St. 50 to 200 incl.	St. 200 to 400 incl.	St. 400 to 800 incl.

Notes:

1 The sign “-” indicates the need to develop special technical conditions to justify water consumption.

3 The "*" sign indicates that fire nozzles are not required.


The water consumption for fire extinguishing, depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray, should be specified according to Table 3. In this case, the simultaneous operation of fire hydrants and sprinkler or deluge installations should be taken into account.


Table 3 - Water consumption for fire extinguishing depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray

Height of the compact part of the jet

Fire nozzle consumption, l/s

Pressure, MPa, at a fire hydrant with hoses length, m

Fire nozzle consumption, l/s

Pressure, MPa, at a fire hydrant with hoses length, m

Fire nozzle tip spray diameter, mm

Fire hydrant valve DN 50

Fire hydrant valve DN 65

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.1.2 Water consumption and number of jets for internal fire extinguishing in public and industrial buildings (regardless of category) with a height of over 50 m and a volume of up to 50,000 m should be 4 jets of 5 l/s each; for larger buildings - 8 jets of 5 l/s each.

4.1.3 In industrial and warehouse buildings for which, in accordance with Table 2, the need for an ERW installation has been established, the minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, determined according to Table 2, should be increased:

when using frame elements made of unprotected steel structures in buildings of III and IV (C2, C3) degrees of fire resistance, as well as from solid or laminated wood (including those subjected to fire retardant treatment) - by 5 l/s;

when used in building envelopes of IV (C2, C3) degree of fire resistance of insulation from combustible materials - by 5 l/s for buildings with a volume of up to 10 thousand m. For buildings with a volume of more than 10 thousand m - an additional 5 l/s for each subsequent full or incomplete 100 thousand m of volume.

The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to buildings for which, in accordance with Table 2, internal fire water supply is not required.

4.1.4 In halls with large numbers of people in the presence of combustible finishing, the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing should be one more than indicated in Table 1.

4.1.3, 4.1.4 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.1.5 Internal fire water supply is not required to be provided:

a) in buildings and premises with a volume or height less than those indicated in tables 1 and 2;

b) in the buildings of secondary schools, except for boarding schools, including schools with assembly halls equipped with stationary film equipment, as well as in bathhouses;

c) in seasonal cinema buildings for any number of seats;

d) in industrial buildings in which the use of water can cause an explosion, fire, or spread of fire;

e) in industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance of categories G and D, regardless of their volume, and in industrial buildings of III-V degrees of fire resistance with a volume of no more than 5000 m of categories G and D;

f) in production and administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, as well as in premises for storing vegetables and fruits and in refrigerators that are not equipped with drinking water or industrial water supply, for which fire extinguishing from containers (reservoirs, reservoirs) is provided;

g) in buildings storing roughage, pesticides and mineral fertilizers.

Note - It is allowed not to provide internal fire-fighting water supply in industrial buildings for the processing of agricultural products of category B, I and II degrees of fire resistance, with a volume of up to 5000 m3.

4.1.6 For parts of buildings of different number of floors or premises for different purposes, the need to install internal fire water supply and water consumption for fire extinguishing should be taken separately for each part of the building in accordance with 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.

In this case, the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken as follows:

for buildings that do not have fire walls - according to the total volume of the building;

for buildings divided into parts by fire walls of types I and II - according to the volume of that part of the building where the greatest water consumption is required.

When connecting buildings of fire resistance degrees I and II with transitions made of fireproof materials and installing fire doors, the volume of the building is calculated for each building separately; in the absence of fire doors - according to the total volume of buildings and a more dangerous category.

4.1.7 Hydrostatic pressure in the fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest located sanitary fixture should not exceed 0.45 MPa.

The hydrostatic pressure in the separate fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest fire hydrant should not exceed 0.9 MPa.

When the design pressure in the fire-fighting water supply network exceeds 0.45 MPa, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a separate fire-fighting water supply network.

Note - If the pressure at the PC is more than 0.4 MPa, diaphragms and pressure regulators should be installed between the fire valve and the connecting head to reduce excess pressure. It is allowed to install diaphragms with the same hole diameter on 3-4 floors of a building.


(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.1.8 The free pressure at fire hydrants must ensure the production of compact fire jets with the height necessary to extinguish a fire at any time of the day in the highest and most remote part of the room. The minimum height and radius of action of the compact part of the fire jet should be taken equal to the height of the room, counting from the floor to the highest point of the ceiling (covering), but not less than, m:

6 - in residential, public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises up to 50 m high;

8 - in residential buildings with a height of over 50 m;

16 - in public, production and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises with a height of over 50 m.

Notes:

1. The pressure at fire hydrants should be determined taking into account pressure losses in fire hoses 10, 15 or 20 m long.

2. To obtain fire jets with a water flow rate of up to 4 l/s, fire hydrants with components with DN 50 should be used, to obtain fire jets of greater productivity - with DN 65. During a feasibility study, it is allowed to use fire hydrants with DN 50 with a capacity of over 4 l/s.

4.1.9 The location and capacity of the building’s water tanks must ensure that at any time of the day a compact stream with a height of at least 4 m is obtained on the top floor or the floor located directly below the tank, and at least 6 m on the remaining floors; in this case, the number of jets should be taken: two with a productivity of 2.5 l/s each for 10 minutes with a total estimated number of jets of two or more, one - in other cases.

When installing fire hydrant position sensors on fire hydrants for automatic starting of fire pumps, water tanks may not be provided.

4.1.10 The operating time of fire hydrants should be taken as 3 hours. When installing fire hydrants on automatic fire extinguishing systems, their operating time should be taken equal to the operating time of automatic fire extinguishing systems.

4.1.11 In buildings with a height of 6 floors or more with a combined system of utility and fire water supply, fire risers should be looped at the top. At the same time, to ensure the replacement of water in buildings, it is necessary to provide for the ringing of fire-fighting risers with one or several water risers with the installation of shut-off valves.

It is recommended to connect the risers of a separate fire-fighting water supply system with jumpers to other water supply systems, provided that the systems can be connected.

On fire protection systems with dry pipes located in unheated buildings, shut-off valves should be located in heated rooms.

4.1.12 When determining the location and number of fire risers and fire hydrants in buildings, the following must be taken into account:

in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of at least three, and in residential buildings - at least two, paired fire hydrants can be installed on risers;

in residential buildings with corridors up to 10 m long, with an estimated number of jets of two, each point in the room can be irrigated with two jets supplied from one fire riser;

in residential buildings with corridors more than 10 m long, as well as in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of 2 or more, each point in the room should be irrigated with two jets - one jet from 2 adjacent risers (different PCs).

Notes:

1. The installation of fire hydrants in technical floors, attics and technical undergrounds should be provided if they contain combustible materials and structures.

2. The number of jets supplied from each riser should be no more than two.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.1.13 Fire hydrants should be installed in such a way that the outlet on which it is located is at a height of (1.35±0.15) m above the floor of the room, and placed in fire cabinets that have openings for ventilation, adapted for their sealing . Twin PCs can be installed one above the other, while the second PC must be installed at a height of at least 1 m from the floor.

4.1.14 In fire cabinets of industrial, auxiliary and public buildings, it should be possible to place portable fire extinguishers.

4.1.15 The internal fire-fighting water supply networks of each zone of a building with a height of 17 floors or more must have 2 pipes leading outside with connecting heads with a diameter of 80 mm for connecting mobile fire fighting equipment with the installation of a check valve and a normal open sealed valve in the building.

4.1.13-4.1.15 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.1.16 Internal fire hydrants should be installed primarily at entrances, on landings of heated (except for smoke-free) staircases, in lobbies, corridors, passages and other most accessible places, and their location should not interfere with the evacuation of people.

4.1.17 In rooms subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations, internal PCs are allowed to be placed on the water sprinkler network after control units on pipelines with a diameter of DN-65 or more.

4.1.18 In unheated closed rooms outside the pumping station, ERV pipelines may be made dry pipe.

4.1.17, 4.1.18 (Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).

4.2 Pumping units

4.2.1 In the event of a constant or periodic lack of pressure in the internal fire-fighting water supply system, fire pumping installations must be installed.

4.2.2 Fire pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks for ERW may be located on the first floors and not below the first underground floor of buildings of fire resistance degrees I and II made of non-combustible materials. In this case, the rooms of fire pumping installations and hydropneumatic tanks must be heated, separated from other rooms by fire partitions and ceilings with a fire resistance rating of REI 45 and have a separate exit to the outside or to a staircase with exit to the outside. Fire pumping installations can be located in the premises of heating points, boiler rooms and boiler rooms.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.2.3 The design of fire pumping installations and the determination of the number of backup units should be carried out taking into account the parallel or sequential operation of fire pumps in each stage.

4.2.4 Each fire pump should be equipped with a check valve, valve and pressure gauge on the pressure line, and a valve and pressure gauge should be installed on the suction line.

When operating a fire pump without back-up on the suction line, there is no need to install a valve on it.

4.2.5 In fire pumping installations, it is allowed not to provide vibration-isolating bases and vibration-isolating inserts.

4.2.6 Fire pumping installations with hydropneumatic tanks should be designed with variable pressure. Replenishment of the air supply in the tank should be carried out, as a rule, by compressors with automatic or manual start.

4.2.7 Pumping installations for fire-fighting purposes should be designed with manual or remote control, and for buildings over 50 m high, cultural centers, conference rooms, assembly halls and for buildings equipped with sprinkler and deluge installations - with manual, automatic and remote management.

Notes:

1. An automatic or remote start signal must be sent to fire pumping units after an automatic check of the water pressure in the system. If there is sufficient pressure in the system, the start of the fire pump should be automatically canceled until the pressure drops, requiring the fire pump unit to be turned on.

2. It is allowed to use household pumps for fire extinguishing, provided that the calculated flow rate is supplied and the water pressure is automatically checked. Household pumps must meet the requirements for fire pumps. When the pressure drops below the permissible level, the fire pump should automatically turn on.

3. Simultaneously with the signal for automatic or remote start of fire pumps or the opening of the fire hydrant valve, a signal must be received to open the electrified valve on the water meter bypass line at the water supply inlet.

4.2.8 When remotely starting fire pumping installations, start buttons should be installed in fire cabinets or next to them. When automatically starting VPV fire pumps, installation of start buttons in PC cabinets is not required. When automatically and remotely turning on fire pumps, it is necessary to simultaneously send a signal (light and sound) to the fire station room or another room with 24-hour presence of service personnel.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.2.9 When automatically controlling a fire pumping installation, the following must be provided:

- automatic start and shutdown of the main fire pumps depending on the required pressure in the system;

- automatic activation of the backup pump in case of emergency shutdown of the main fire pump;

- simultaneous transmission of a signal (light and sound) about an emergency shutdown of the main fire pump to the fire station room or other room with 24-hour presence of maintenance personnel.

4.2.10 For pumping installations supplying water for fire-fighting needs, it is necessary to accept the following power supply reliability category according to:

I - when the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing is more than 2.5 l/s, as well as for fire pumping installations, interruption in operation of which is not allowed;

II - with water consumption for internal fire extinguishing 2.5 l/s; for residential buildings with a height of 10-16 floors with a total water flow of 5 l/s, as well as for fire pumping installations that allow a short break in operation for the time required to manually turn on the backup power.

Notes:

1. If, due to local conditions, it is impossible to power fire pumping installations of category I from two independent power supply sources, it is allowed to power them from one source, provided they are connected to different lines with a voltage of 0.4 kV and to different transformers of a two-transformer substation or transformers of the two nearest single-transformer substations ( with AVR device).

2. If it is impossible to ensure the necessary reliability of power supply to fire pumping installations, it is allowed to install backup pumps driven by internal combustion engines. However, it is not allowed to place them in basements.

4.2.11 When drawing water from a reservoir, it is necessary to install fire pumps “under the flood”. If fire pumps are located above the water level in the reservoir, devices for priming the pumps should be provided or self-priming pumps should be installed.

4.2.12 When water is taken from tanks by fire pumps, at least two suction lines should be provided. The calculation of each of them should be made for the passage of the calculated water flow, including fire protection.

4.2.13 Pipelines in fire pumping stations, as well as suction lines outside fire pumping stations, should be designed from welded steel pipes using flanged connections for connection to fire pumps and fittings. In buried and semi-buried fire pumping stations, measures should be taken to collect and remove accidental water runoff.

If it is necessary to install a drainage pump, its performance should be determined from the condition of preventing the water level in the turbine room from rising above the lower mark of the electric drive of the fire pump.

Bibliography

	SNiP 2.08.02-89* SNiP 06/31/2009 and SNiP 05/31/2003. - Database manufacturer's note. UDC 696.1 OKS 13.220.10 OKVED 7523040 Key words: internal fire water supply, water flow, fire pumping units, technical requirements __________________________________________________________________________________ Electronic document text prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against: official publication M.: FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, 2009 Revision of the document taking into account changes and additions prepared by Kodeks JSC

P 70.0010.09-90

Introduced for the first time

Saratov 1990

1. General Provisions 2. National economic facilities that do not require fire-fighting water supply systems 3.1 Facilities allowing fire-fighting water supply from containers 3.2 Water consumption for external fire extinguishing 3.3 Volume of fire tanks and open water bodies 3.4 Placement and equipment of fire tanks 4. Fire extinguishing of national economic facilities from the fire-fighting water supply network 4.1 Schemes of fire-fighting water supply and water supply systems 4.2 Water consumption for fire fighting 4.3 Free heads during fire fighting 4.4 Duration of fire extinguishing 4.5 Placement of fire-fighting equipment and fittings 4.6 Calculation of fire-fighting water supply 4.7 Selection of pumping equipment and determination of tank capacity

1. General Provisions

1.1. This manual has been compiled on the basis of current rules and regulations:

determining the need for external and internal fire extinguishing systems for each building;

determination of the estimated flow rate and required pressure for internal and external fire extinguishing for each building;

determination of the dictating building for fire extinguishing costs and pressures;

choosing a fire extinguishing source, identifying the possibility of external fire extinguishing from a tank, solving the external network diagram;

determination of the volume of fire-fighting containers, pipeline diameters, and, if necessary, pumping equipment;

detached, located outside populated areas, public catering establishments (canteens, snack bars, cafes, etc.) with a building volume of up to 1000 m 3 and trade enterprises with an area of ​​up to 150 m 2 (with the exception of department store stores), as well as public buildings I and II degrees of fire resistance with a volume of up to 250 m 3, located in populated areas;

industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with a volume of up to 1000 m 3 (except for buildings with unprotected metal or wooden load-bearing structures, as well as with polymer insulation with a volume of up to 250 m 3) with production facilities of category D;

factories for the production of reinforced concrete products and ready-mixed concrete with buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance, located in populated areas equipped with water supply networks, provided that hydrants are located at a distance of no more than 200 m from the most distant building of the plant;

seasonal universal collection points for agricultural products with a building volume of up to 1000 m 3 , buildings for warehouses of combustible materials and non-combustible materials in combustible packaging with an area of ​​up to 50 m 2 ".

2.2. SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings", clause 6.5:

"Internal fire water supply should not be provided:

a) in buildings and premises with a volume or height less than those indicated in the table. 1 and 2;

b) in the buildings of secondary schools, including schools with assembly halls equipped with stationary film equipment, as well as in bathhouses;

c) in seasonal cinema buildings for any number of seats;

d) in industrial buildings in which the use of water can cause an explosion, fire, or spread of fire;

e) in industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance from fireproof materials of categories G and D, regardless of their volume, and in industrial buildings of III - IV degrees of fire resistance with a volume of no more than 5000 m 3 categories G, D;

f) in production and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises, as well as in premises for storing vegetables and fruits and in refrigerators that are not equipped with drinking water or industrial water supply, for which fire extinguishing from containers (reservoirs, reservoirs) is provided;

g) in roughage warehouse buildings with a volume of up to 3000 m 3;

h) in buildings of mineral fertilizer warehouses with a volume of up to 5000 m 3, I and II degrees of fire resistance made of fireproof materials.

Note: It is allowed not to provide internal fire-prevention water supply in industrial buildings for the processing of agricultural products, category B, I and II degrees of fire resistance made of fireproof materials, with a volume of up to 5000 m 3 ".

3. Fire extinguishing of national economic facilities from containers

3.1. Facilities that allow fire-fighting water supply from containers.

3.1.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures", clause 2.11, note I:

"It is allowed to accept external fire-fighting water supply from containers (reservoirs, reservoirs) for:

Settlements with a population of up to 5 thousand people;

detached public buildings with a volume of up to 1000 m 3 located in settlements that do not have a ring fire water supply; with the volume of buildings of St. 1000 m 3 - in agreement with the territorial bodies of the State Fire Supervision;

industrial buildings with production categories B, D and D with a water consumption for external fire extinguishing of 10 l/s;

roughage warehouses with a volume of up to 1000 m 3 ;

mineral fertilizer warehouses with a building volume of up to 5000 m 3 ;

buildings of radio and television transmitting stations;

buildings for refrigerators and storages of vegetables and fruits."

3.2. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing.

3.2.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures."

a) clause 2.12: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing (per fire) and the number of simultaneous fires in a populated area... should be taken according to Table 5.

Table 5

Notes: 1. The water consumption for external fire extinguishing in a populated area must be no less than the water consumption for fire extinguishing of residential and public buildings indicated in Table. 6.

4. For a group water supply, the number of simultaneous fires should be taken depending on the total number of residents in populated areas connected to the water supply."

b) clause 2.13: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing (per fire) of residential and public buildings... should be taken... according to Table 6.

Table 6

c) clause 2.14: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing at industrial and agricultural enterprises per fire should be taken for the building requiring the highest water consumption according to Table 7 or 8.

Table 7

Fire resistance level of buildings		Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of industrial buildings with lanterns, as well as without lanterns up to 60 m wide, per fire. l/s, with building volumes thousand m 3
			St. 3 to 5	St. 5 to 20	St. 20 to 50

Table 8

Notes to table 7 and 8: ... 2. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of detached auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises should be determined according to table. 6, as for public buildings, and those built into industrial buildings - according to the total volume of the building according to table. 7.

3. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings of agricultural enterprises should be determined according to table. 6, as for public buildings, and those built into industrial buildings - according to the total volume of the building according to table. 7.

7. The degree of fire resistance of buildings or structures must be determined in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-2-80; categories of production for explosion, explosion and fire hazards - SNiP II-90-81.

For buildings of fire resistance class II with wooden structures, the water consumption for external fire extinguishing should be taken 5 l/s more than indicated in the table. 7 and 8".

d) clause 2.15: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings divided into parts by fire walls should be taken for that part of the building where the greatest water consumption is required.

e) clause 2.24: “The duration of fire extinguishing should be 3 hours; for buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with fireproof load-bearing structures and insulation with production categories G and D - 2 hours.”

3.3. Volume of fire tanks and open
reservoirs

3.3.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures", clause 9.28.

“The volume of fire reservoirs and reservoirs should be determined based on the estimated water consumption and the duration of fire extinguishing...

Note. 1. The volume of open reservoirs must be calculated taking into account possible water evaporation and ice formation. The excess of the edge of an open reservoir above the highest water level in it must be at least 0.5 m."

3.4. Placement and equipment of fire tanks.

3.4.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures."

a) clause 9.28; Notes: "2. Free access to fire fighting tanks, reservoirs and receiving wells must be provided with paved roads in accordance with clause 14.6.

3. Signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.009-83 must be provided at the locations of fire tanks and reservoirs.

Signs located near fire reservoirs or reservoirs must be light or fluorescent with the letter index PV, digital values ​​of the water reserve in m3 and the number of fire trucks that can be simultaneously installed at the fire reservoir.

b) clause 9.29: “The number of fire tanks or reservoirs must be at least two, and in each of them 50% of the volume of water for fire extinguishing must be stored.

The distance between fire tanks or reservoirs should be taken in accordance with clause 9.30, while the supply of water to any point of the fire should be provided from two adjacent tanks or reservoirs."

c) clause 9.30: “Fire tanks or reservoirs should be placed in accordance with the condition that they serve buildings located within the radius of:

if there are motor pumps - 100 - 150 m, depending on the type of motor pump.

To increase the service radius, it is allowed to lay dead-end pipelines from tanks or reservoirs with a length of no more than 200 m, taking into account the requirements of clause 9.32.

Distance from the point of water intake from tanks or reservoirs to buildings III; IV and V degrees of fire resistance and to open warehouses of combustible materials should be at least 30 m, to buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance - at least 10 m.

d) clause 9.31: “The supply of water for filling fire tanks and reservoirs should be provided through fire hoses up to 250 m long, and, with the agreement of the State Fire Supervision authorities, up to 500 m long.”

e) clause 9.32: “If the direct intake of water from a fire reservoir or reservoir using autopumps or motor pumps is difficult, receiving wells with a volume of 3 - 5 m 3 should be provided.

The diameter of the pipeline connecting the tank or reservoir with the receiving well should be taken from the condition of passing the calculated water flow for external fire extinguishing, but not less than 200 mm. In front of the receiving well, a well with a valve should be installed on the connecting pipeline, the steering wheel of which should be located under the manhole cover.

A grill should be provided on the connecting pipeline on the reservoir side."

f) Clause 9.33: “Fire tanks and reservoirs are not required to be equipped with overflow and drain pipelines...”.

g) Clause 14.6: “Water supply buildings and structures... should be provided with entrances... with a lightweight, improved coating.”

4. Fire extinguishing of national economic facilities
from the fire-fighting water supply network.

4.1. Schemes of fire-fighting water supply and water supply systems.

4.1.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures", clause 2.11:

“Fire-fighting water supply should be provided in populated areas, at national economic facilities and, as a rule, combined with drinking water supply or industrial water supply.”

4.1.2. When designing facilities, the following main options for installing a fire-fighting water supply system are possible:

integrated utility and drinking industrial and fire-fighting water supply system, powered by city ring networks and provided with the necessary flow and pressure;

combined utility-fire-fighting or industrial-fire-fighting water supply system fed from city ring networks and provided with the necessary flow and pressure;

combined utility-fire-fighting or industrial-fire-fighting water supply with local booster installations for internal fire-fighting needs, powered by ring city networks that do not provide buildings with the required pressure for internal fire-fighting;

a combined utility-fire-fighting or industrial-fire-fighting water supply system with a complex of water supply structures (pumping station and reservoirs), powered by city networks that do not provide the facility with the required flow rate and pressure;

a combined utility and drinking industrial and fire-fighting water supply system with a complex of water supply structures (pumping station and reservoirs), powered by city networks that do not provide the facility with the required flow and pressure;

fire-fighting water supply system with tanks and a pumping station, if it is impossible to combine it with a drinking water supply or industrial water supply system. This option is used only in exceptional cases.

The design of the above options comes down to solving the following main tasks:

determination of estimated fire extinguishing costs;

determination of required pressures;

calculation of pipelines for fire flow;

determination of the required tank capacity (if necessary);

selection of pumping equipment (if necessary).

4.1.3. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures."

a) Clause 4.4: “Centralized water supply systems are divided into three categories according to the degree of water supply:

I - it is allowed to reduce the water supply for household and drinking needs by no more than 30% of the calculated consumption and for production needs up to the limit established by the emergency work schedule of enterprises; The duration of the reduction in flow should not exceed 3 days. An interruption in the water supply or a reduction in supply below the specified limit is allowed while the damaged elements are turned off and the reserve elements of the system (equipment, fittings, structures, pipelines, etc.) are turned off, but for no more than 10 minutes;

II - the amount of permissible reduction in water supply is the same as for category I; The duration of the reduction in flow should not exceed 10 days.

An interruption in the water supply or a reduction in supply below the specified limit is allowed while the damaged elements are turned off and the backup elements are turned on or during repairs, but not more than 6 hours;

III - the amount of permissible reduction in water supply is the same as for category I; The duration of the reduction in flow should not exceed 15 days.

A break in the water supply or a reduction in supply below the specified limit is allowed for the duration of repairs, but not more than 24 hours.

United drinking and industrial water supply systems of populated areas with a population of more than 50 thousand people. should be classified as category I; from 5 to 50 thousand people. - to category II; less than 5 thousand people - to category III.

If it is necessary to increase the availability of water supply for the production needs of industrial and agricultural enterprises (productions, workshops, installations), local water supply systems should be provided.

Projects of local systems that meet the technological requirements of facilities must be considered and approved together with the projects of these facilities.

Elements of water supply systems of category II, damage to which may disrupt the supply of water for fire extinguishing, must belong to category I."

b) Clause 4.10: “Calculations of the joint operation of water pipelines, water supply networks, pumping stations and control tanks should be made to the extent necessary to justify the water supply and distribution system for the estimated period, establish the priority of its implementation, select pumping equipment and determine the required volumes of control containers and their location for each stage of construction."

c) Clause 4.11: “For water supply systems in populated areas, calculations of the joint operation of water pipelines, water supply networks, pumping stations and control tanks should, as a rule, be performed for the following characteristic water supply modes:

per day of maximum water consumption - maximum, average and minimum hourly consumption, as well as maximum hourly consumption and estimated water consumption for fire fighting;

per day of average water consumption

Average hourly consumption;

per day of minimum water consumption - minimum hourly flow.

Carrying out calculations for other modes of water consumption, as well as refusal to carry out calculations for one or more of the specified modes, is allowed if the sufficiency of the calculations is justified to identify the conditions for the joint operation of water pipelines, pumping stations, control tanks and distribution networks for all typical water consumption modes.

For industrial water supply systems, their characteristic operating conditions are established in accordance with the specifics of production technology and fire safety.

Note: When calculating structures, water conduits and networks for the fire extinguishing period, emergency shutdown of water conduits and ring network lines, as well as sections and blocks, is not taken into account."

4.2. Water consumption for fire fighting.

Estimated water consumption for fire extinguishing p. equal to:

Q =Q n +Q int +Q mouth,

where Q n is the estimated flow rate for external fire extinguishing;

Q int - design flow rate for internal fire extinguishing;

Q mouth - estimated consumption for automatic fire extinguishing installations.

As a rule, automatic fire extinguishing systems are equipped with autonomous tanks and pumping units, in connection with this, the definition of Q set. is not included in the scope of this manual.

With a combined network of utility-fire-fighting or industrial-fire-fighting water supply "... the calculated water consumption for fire extinguishing should be ensured at the highest water consumption for other needs",... (household, drinking, industrial) "... at the same time In an industrial enterprise, water consumption for watering the territory, taking a shower, washing floors and washing technological equipment, as well as for watering plants in greenhouses, is not taken into account..." (clause 2.21 of SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures" ).

4.2.1. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing.

a) Clause 2.12: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing (per fire) and the number of simultaneous fires in a populated area for the calculation of main (calculated ring) water supply lines are taken according to Table 5.

Table 5

Number of inhabitants in the locality thousand people.	Estimated number of simultaneous fires	Water consumption for external fire extinguishing in a populated area per fire, l/s
		development of buildings up to two floors high, inclusive, regardless of their degree of fire resistance	development of buildings with a height of three floors and above, regardless of their degree of fire resistance

Notes: I. The water consumption for external fire extinguishing in a populated area must be no less than the water consumption for fire extinguishing of residential and public buildings indicated in Table. 6.

4. For a group water supply, the number of simultaneous fires should be taken depending on the total number of residents in populated areas connected to the water supply.

Water consumption to restore fire volume through a group water supply system should be determined as the sum of water consumption for populated areas (corresponding to the number of simultaneous fires) requiring the highest fire extinguishing costs in accordance with paragraphs. 2.24 and 2.25.

5. The estimated number of simultaneous fires in a populated area includes fires at industrial enterprises located within the populated area.

In this case, the calculated water consumption should include the corresponding water consumption for fire extinguishing at these enterprises, but not less than those indicated in the table. 5".

b) Clause 2.13: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing” (per one fire) of residential and public buildings for calculating the connecting and distribution lines of the water supply network, as well as the water supply network within a microdistrict or block, should be taken for the building that requires the highest water consumption according to the table . 6.

Table 6

Purpose of buildings	Water consumption per fire, l/s, for external fire extinguishing of residential and public buildings, regardless of their degrees of fire resistance for building volumes, thousand m 3
		St. 1 to 5	St. 5 to 25	St. 25 to 50	St. 50 to 150
Single-section and multi-section residential buildings with the number of floors:
Public buildings with the number of floors:

* For rural settlements, water consumption per fire is 5 l/s.

c) Clause 2.14: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing at industrial and agricultural enterprises per fire should be taken for the building that requires the highest water consumption, according to Table 7 or 8.

Table 7

Fire resistance level of buildings		Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of industrial buildings with lanterns, as well as without lanterns up to 60 m wide, per fire, l/s, with building volumes of thousand m 3
			St. 3 to 5	over 50 to 20	St. 20 to 50	St. 50 to 200	St. 200 to 400	St. 400 to 600

Table 8

Fire resistance level of buildings		Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of industrial buildings without lanterns with a width of 60 m or more per fire, l/s, with building volumes of thousand m 3
			St. 50 to 100	St. 100 to 200	St. 200 to 300	St. 300 to 400	St. 400 to 500	St. 500 to 600	St. 600 to 700	St. 700 to 800

Notes to the table 7 and 8: 1. In the event of two design fires at an enterprise, the design water consumption for fire extinguishing should be taken for the two buildings that require the greatest water consumption.

2. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of detached auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises should be determined according to table. 6, as for public buildings, and those built into industrial buildings - according to the total volume of the building according to table. 7.

3. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings of agricultural enterprises of fire resistance class I and II with a volume of no more than 5 thousand m 3 with production of categories D and D should be taken at 5 l/s.

4. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of timber warehouses with a capacity of up to 10 thousand m 3 should be taken according to table. 7, classifying them as buildings of fire resistance degree V with production category B.

For larger warehouse capacities, the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents should be followed.

7. The degree of fire resistance of buildings or structures should be determined in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-2-80; categories of production for explosion, explosion and fire hazards - SNiP II-90-81.

8. For buildings of II degree of fire resistance with wooden structures, water consumption for external fire extinguishing should be taken 5 l/s more than indicated in the table. 7 or 8".

d) Clause 2.15: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings divided into parts by fire walls should be taken for that part of the building where the greatest water consumption is required.

Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings separated by fire partitions should be determined based on the total volume of the building and a higher fire hazard production category."

e) Clause 2.16: "Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of one - two-story industrial and one-story warehouse buildings with a height (from the floor to the bottom of horizontal load-bearing structures on a support) of no more than 18 m with load-bearing steel structures (with a fire resistance limit of at least 0.25 h ) and enclosing structures (walls and coverings) made of profiled steel or asbestos-cement sheets with combustible or polymer insulation must be taken 10 l/s more than indicated in Tables 8 and 7.

For these buildings, in places where external fire escapes are located, dry pipe risers with a diameter of 80 mm, equipped with fire connecting heads at the upper and lower ends of the riser, must be provided.

Note. For buildings with a width of no more than 24 m and a height to the eaves of no more than 10 m, dry pipe risers may not be provided."

f) P. 2.22: “The estimated number of simultaneous fires at an industrial or agricultural enterprise should be taken depending on the area they occupy: one fire for an area of ​​up to 150 hectares...”

g) P. 2.23: “With a combined fire-fighting water supply of a populated area and an industrial or agricultural enterprise located outside the populated area, the estimated number of simultaneous fires in accordance with the requirements of the Main Directorate for Fire Protection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR should be accepted:

with an enterprise area of ​​up to 150 hectares and the number of residents in a settlement up to 10 thousand people. - one fire (at a sludge plant in a populated area with the highest water consumption); the same, with the number of inhabitants in a locality exceeding 10 to 25 thousand people. - two fires (one at an enterprise and one in a populated area);

With the number of residents in the settlement exceeding 25 thousand people. according to clause 2.22 and table. 5, in this case, water consumption should be determined as the sum of the required greater flow (at an enterprise or in a populated area);

at several industrial enterprises and one settlement - in accordance with the requirements of the State Fire Supervision authorities."

4.2.2. Water consumption for internal fire extinguishing

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings."

a) Clause 6.1: “For residential and public buildings, as well as auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises, the need to install an internal fire-fighting water supply system, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing should be determined in accordance with Table 1, and for industrial and warehouse buildings - in accordance with from table 2.

The water consumption for fire extinguishing, depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray, should be clarified according to the table. 3...

Table 1

Residential, public and auxiliary buildings and premises		Number of jets	Minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing l/s, per jet
	Residential buildings:
	with the number of floors from 12 to 16
	with the number of floors St. 16 to 25
	the same, with the total length of the corridor of St. 10 m
	Office buildings:
	with a height of 6 to 10 floors and a volume of up to 25,000 m3
	the same, volume of St. 25000 m 3
	the same, volume 25000 m 3
	Clubs with a stage, theaters, cinemas, assembly and conference halls equipped with film equipment	According to the VSN "Cultural and entertainment institutions. Design standards" of the State Civil Engineering
	Dormitories and public buildings not listed in pos. 2:
	with a number of floors up to 10 and a volume from 5000 to 25000 m3
	the same, volume of St. 25000 m 3
	with the number of floors St. 10 and volume up to 25000 m 3
	the same, volume of St. 25000 m 3
	Auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises, volume, m 3:
	from 5000 to 25000

Notes: 1. The minimum water flow rate for residential buildings can be taken equal to 1.5 l/s in the presence of fire nozzles, hoses and other equipment with a diameter of 38 mm.

2. The volume of the building should be determined by the outer surfaces of the enclosing structures, including all basements.

table 2

Fire resistance level of buildings		Number of jets and minimum water consumption, l/s, per jet, for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and warehouse buildings up to 50 m high and volume, thousand m 3
		from 0.5 to 5	St. 5 to 50	St. 50 to 200	St. 200 to 400	St. 400 to 800

Notes: 1. For laundry factories, fire extinguishing should be provided in the dry laundry processing and storage areas.

2. Water consumption for internal fire extinguishing in buildings and premises with a volume exceeding the values ​​indicated in table. 2 should be agreed upon in each specific case with the territorial fire authorities.

3. Number of jets and water consumption per jet for grade buildings:

III b - buildings of predominantly frame construction. Frame elements made of solid or laminated wood and other combustible materials of enclosing structures (mainly wood) subjected to fire retardant treatment;

III a - buildings predominantly with an unprotected metal frame and enclosing structures made of fireproof sheet materials with low-flammable insulation;

IV a - buildings are predominantly one-story with a metal unprotected frame and enclosing structures made of sheet fireproof materials with combustible insulation, are accepted according to the specified table depending on the location of the categories of production in them, as for buildings of II and IV degrees of fire resistance, taking into account clause 6.3 (equating the degrees of fire resistance III a to II, III b and IV a to IV).

b) Clause 6.3: "In buildings and structures made of laminated wood or unprotected load-bearing metal structures, the water flow for internal fire extinguishing should be increased by 5 l/s (one jet); when using enclosing structures with polymer insulation - by 10 l/s (two jets of 5 l/s each) with a building volume of up to 10,000 m 3. With a larger building volume, the water flow must be increased by 5 l/s for every full or incomplete 100,000 m 3 ".

c) Clause 6.4: “In halls with a large presence of people in the presence of combustible finishing, the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing should be taken one more than indicated in Table 1.”

d) Clause 6.6: “For parts of buildings of different number of floors or premises for different purposes, the need to install internal fire water supply and water consumption for fire extinguishing should be taken separately for each part of the building in accordance with clauses 6.1 and 6.2.

In this case, the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken as follows:

for buildings that do not have fire walls - based on the total volume of the building;

for buildings divided into parts by fire walls of types I and II - according to the volume of that part of the building where the greatest water consumption is required;

for buildings with rooms with different categories of fire hazard, when separating rooms with a more dangerous category with fire walls along the entire height of the building (floor) - according to the volume of that part of the building where the greatest water consumption is required;

in case the premises are not allocated - according to the total volume of the building and a more dangerous fire hazard category.

When connecting buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with transitions made of fireproof materials and installing fire doors, the volume of the building is calculated for each building separately; in the absence of fire doors - according to the total volume of buildings and a more dangerous category.

Note: For buildings that have several fire hazards, enclosed by fire walls, summing up the volumes of the room to determine the water consumption for fire extinguishing is not required."

Table 3

Height of the compact part of the jet or room, m

Pressure, m,

Fire jet performance, l/s

Pressure, m, at a fire hydrant with hoses length, m

Fire jet performance, l/s

Pressure, m, at a fire hydrant with hoses length, m

Fire nozzle tip spray diameter, mm

Fire hydrants D = 50 mm

Fire hydrants D = 65 mm

4.3. Free pressures during fire fighting.

4.3.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures."

a) Clause 2.29: “Fire-fighting water supply should be of low pressure, fire-fighting water supply of high pressure is allowed to be used only with appropriate justification.

In high-pressure water supply, stationary fire pumps must be equipped with devices that ensure the pumps start no later than after 5 minutes. after giving a signal about a fire.

Note. For settlements with a population of up to 5 thousand people, in which professional fire protection is not provided, the fire-fighting water supply system must be of high pressure."

b) Clause 2.30: “The free pressure in the low-pressure fire-fighting water supply network (at ground level) during fire fighting must be at least 10 m.

The free pressure in the high-pressure fire-fighting water supply network must ensure a compact jet height of at least 10 m at full water consumption for fire extinguishing and the fire nozzle is located at the highest point of the tallest building.

The maximum free pressure in the combined water supply network should not exceed 60 m."

4.3.2. SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings."

a) Clause 6.7: “The hydrostatic pressure in the drinking and fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest located sanitary fixture should not exceed 60 m.

The hydrostatic head in the separate fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest fire hydrant should not exceed 90 m.

Notes: 1. In the fire-fighting water supply system, during fire extinguishing, it is allowed to increase the pressure to no more than 90 m at the level of the lowest located sanitary fixture, while hydraulic testing of the systems should be carried out with installed water fittings.

2. When pressures at fire hydrants exceed 40 m, diaphragms should be installed between the fire hydrant and the connecting head to reduce excess pressure. It is allowed to install diaphragms with the same hole diameter on 3 - 4 floors of a building.

b) Clause 6.8: “The combined pressures at internal fire hydrants must ensure the production of compact fire jets with a height necessary to extinguish a fire at any time of the day in the highest and most remote part of the building. The minimum height and radius of action of the compact part of the fire jet should be taken equal to the height premises, counting from the floor to the highest point of the ceiling (covering), but not less than:

6 m - in residential, public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises up to 50 m high...

Notes: 1. The pressure at fire hydrants should be determined taking into account the pressure losses in fire hoses 10.15 or 20 m long.

2. To obtain fire jets with a water flow rate of up to 4 l/s, fire hydrants and hoses with a diameter of 50 mm should be used to obtain fire jets of greater productivity - with a diameter of 65 mm. During the feasibility study, it is allowed to use fire hydrants with a diameter of 50 mm and a capacity of over 4 l/s."

4.4. Duration of fire extinguishing.

4.4.1. Duration of external fire extinguishing.

SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures", clause 2.24:

"The duration of fire extinguishing should be taken as 3 hours; for buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with fireproof load-bearing structures and insulation with production categories G and D - 2 hours."

4.4.2. Duration of internal fire extinguishing.

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings", clause 6.10:

“The operating time of fire hydrants should be taken as 3 hours. When installing fire hydrants on automatic fire extinguishing systems, their operating time should be taken equal to the operating time of automatic fire extinguishing systems.”

4.5. Placement of fire-fighting equipment and fittings

4.5.1. Placement of fire hydrants.

SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures" clause 8.16:

“Fire hydrants should be provided along highways at a distance of no more than 2.5 m from the edge of the roadway, but no closer than 5 m from the walls of buildings; it is allowed to place hydrants on the roadway. However, installation of hydrants on a branch from the water supply line is not allowed.

The placement of fire hydrants on the water supply network must ensure fire extinguishing of any building, structure or part thereof served by this network from at least two hydrants with a water flow rate for external fire extinguishing of 15 l/s or more, and one with a water flow rate of less than 15 l/s, taking into account laying hose lines with a length not exceeding that specified in clause 9.30 on paved roads.

The distance between hydrants is determined by a calculation that takes into account the total water consumption for fire fighting and the throughput of the type of hydrants being installed in accordance with GOST 8220-62, as amended. and GOST 13816-80.

Pressure loss h, m, per 1 m length of hose lines should be determined by the formula:

h = 0.00385q n 2

where q n is the productivity of the fire jet, l/s.

Note. On the water supply network of settlements with a population of up to 500 people. Instead of hydrants, it is allowed to install risers with a diameter of 80 mm with fire hydrants."

The length of the sleeve lines is accepted to be no more than:

if there are car pumps - 200 m;

if there are motor pumps - 100? 150m.

The height of the fire hydrant should be taken according to the table. 1 depending on the diameter and depth of the bottom of the pipe of the water supply network.

Table 1

Pipe diameter, mm	Height of hydrants, mm, at the depth of the bottom of the pipe, mm:

4.5.2. Laying external networks.

4.5.2.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures":

a) Clause 8.5: “Water supply networks must be circular. Dead-end water supply lines may be used:

To supply water for fire-fighting or household fire-fighting needs, regardless of the water consumption for fire extinguishing - with a line length of no more than 200 m.

Looping external water supply networks with internal water supply networks of buildings and structures is not permitted.

Note: In settlements with a population of up to 5 thousand people. and water consumption for external fire extinguishing up to 10 l/s or when the number of internal fire hydrants in a building is up to 12, dead-end lines with a length of more than 200 m are allowed, provided that fire-fighting tanks or reservoirs, a water tower or a counter-tank are installed at the end of the dead-end..."

Letter TO-7-2966 dated June 30, 1989 from Soyuzvodokanalproekt explains that the laying of sections of water supply networks in transit through buildings by SNiP 2.04.02-84 is not prohibited, but when a section of the water supply system is disconnected inside the building, fire extinguishing from hydrants of any serviced by this external network must be ensured .

b) Clause 8.6: “The installation of accompanying lines for connecting associated consumers is allowed when the diameter of the main lines and water pipelines is 800 mm or more and the transit flow is at least 80% of the total flow; for smaller diameters - upon justification.

When the driveway width is more than 20 m, it is allowed to lay duplicate lines to prevent the crossing of the driveways by the inputs.

In these cases, fire hydrants should be installed on accompanying or backup lines.

If the width of the streets within the red lines is 60 m or more, the option of laying water supply networks on both sides of the streets should also be considered."

c) Clause 8.9: “On water pipelines and water supply network lines, if necessary, provision should be made for the installation of:

butterfly valves (gate valves) to isolate repair areas;

valves for air inlet and outlet when emptying and filling pipelines;

Outlets for discharging water when emptying pipelines...";

d) Clause 8.10: " Note: The division of the water supply network into repair sections should ensure that when one of the sections is turned off, no more than five fire hydrants are turned off..."

e) Clause 8.13: “Water pipelines and water supply networks must be designed with a slope of at least 0.001 towards the outlet; in case of flat terrain, the slope can be reduced to 0.0005”

f) Clause 8.14: “Outlets should be provided at low points in each repair area, as well as in places where water is released from flushing pipelines...”

g) Clause 8.15: “Water drainage from outlets should be provided for in the nearest drain, ditch, ravine, etc. If it is impossible to drain all or part of the discharged water by gravity, it is allowed to discharge the water into a well with subsequent pumping.”

h) Clause 8.21: "... For pressure water pipelines and networks, as a rule, non-metallic pipes should be used (reinforced concrete pressure pipes, asbestos-cement pressure pipes, plastic, etc. Refusal to use non-metallic pipes must be justified.

The use of cast iron pressure pipes is allowed for networks within populated areas, territories of industrial agricultural enterprises...

For reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement pipelines, the use of metal fittings is allowed..."

i) P. 8.30: “Water lines, as a rule, should be laid underground. During the thermal engineering and feasibility study, ground and above-ground installation, laying in tunnels is allowed...

When laying fire-fighting lines and combined with fire-fighting water supply lines in tunnels, above-ground or above-ground fire hydrants must be installed in wells.

When laying underground, shut-off, control and safety pipeline fittings must be installed in wells (chambers).

Well-free installation of shut-off valves is permitted upon justification."

j) P. 8.31: “The type of foundation for pipes must be taken depending on the bearing capacity of the soil and the magnitude of the loads.

In all soils, with the exception of rocky, contaminated and silt, pipes should be laid on natural soil with an undisturbed structure, ensuring leveling and, if necessary, profiling of the base.

For rocky soils, the base should be leveled with a 10 cm thick layer of sandy soil above the ledges. It is allowed to use local soil (sandy loam, loam) for these purposes, provided that it is compacted to a volumetric weight of the soil skeleton of 1.5 t/m 3 .

When laying pipelines in wet cohesive soils (loam, clay), the need for sand preparation is established by the work plan, depending on the water reduction measures provided, as well as on the type and design of the pipes.

In silt, peat and other weak water-saturated soils, pipes must be laid on an artificial foundation."

k) P. 8.42: “The depth of pipes, counting to the bottom, should be 0.5 m greater than the calculated depth of penetration into the soil at zero temperature.

When laying pipelines in a zone of negative temperatures, the material of pipes and elements of butt joints must meet the requirements of frost resistance."

m) P. 8.45: “When determining the depth of water pipelines and water supply networks during underground installation, external loads from transport and the conditions of intersection with other underground structures and communications should be taken into account.”

m) P. 8.46: “The choice of diameters of water pipelines and water supply networks should be made on the basis of technical and economic calculations, taking into account the conditions of their operation during emergency shutdown of individual sections.

The diameter of water supply pipes combined with fire protection in populated areas and industrial enterprises must be at least 100 mm, in rural settlements - at least 75 mm."

o) P. 8.50: "The location of water supply lines on the master plans, as well as the minimum distances in plan and at intersections from the outer surface of pipes to structures and utility networks must be accepted in accordance with SNiP II-89-80"

4.5.2.2. SNiP II-89-80 "Master plans of industrial enterprises":

a) Clause 4.11: “The horizontal (clear) distances from underground utility networks to buildings and structures should be taken no less than those indicated in Table 9.

The horizontal (clear) distances between underground utility networks when they are placed in parallel should be taken no less than those indicated in the table. 10.

Table 9

Network engineering	Horizontal distance (clear), m, from underground networks to
	foundations of buildings and structures	fencing foundations, supports, pipeline overpass galleries, contact networks and communications	track axis of 1520 mm gauge railways, but not less than the depth of the trench up to half the embankment and excavation	tram track axes	roads		foundations of overhead power transmission line supports
					side stones, edges of the roadway, reinforced roadside strips.	the outer edge of the ditch or the bottom of the embankment	up to 1 kV and outdoor lighting	over 1 to 35 kV	over 35 sq.
1. Water supply and sewerage

Notes: 2. Distances from the water supply... to the outer surface of underground tanks can be reduced to 3 m, and to the foundations of buildings and other structures to 3 m, provided that the water supply is laid in a case. The distance from the water supply... to the foundations of overpasses and tunnels for highways may be taken equal to 2 m, provided that the said pipelines are laid at a depth above 0.5 m of the bases of the overpasses and tunnels.

5. When laying networks below the base of the foundations of buildings and structures, the distances indicated in the table should be increased depending on the type of soil or the foundations should be strengthened. In cramped conditions, it is permissible to reduce the distances from networks to foundations, provided that measures are taken to eliminate the possibility of damage to foundations in the event of an accident on the networks.

Table 10

Network engineering

Horizontal distance (clear), m, between

running water

sewerage

drainage or gutter

Gas pipelines for flammable gases

power cables of all voltages

communication cables

Heating networks

canals, tunnels

low pressure up to 0.005 MPa (0.05 kgf/cm 2)

average pressure St. 0.005 MPa to 0.3 MPa

high pressure St. 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa

high pressure over 0.6 MPa to 1.2 MPa

outer wall of a channel, tunnel

ductless laying shell

1. Water supply

see note. 2

* In accordance with the requirements of the PUE.

Note. 2. The distances from the sewerage system to the domestic drinking water supply must be taken as follows: to a water supply system made of reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement pipes laid in clay soils - at least 5 m, in coarse-grained and sandy soils - at least 10 m, to a water supply system made of cast iron pipes with a diameter of up to 200 mm - at least 1.5 m, with a diameter of more than 200 mm - at least 3 m, to a water supply system made of plastic pipes - at least 1.5 m."

b) Clause 4.13: “When crossing utility networks, the vertical (clear) distances must be no less than:

B) between pipelines and power cables up to 35 kV and communication cables - 0.5 m;

d) between power cables 110 - 220 kV and pipelines - 1 m;

e) in the conditions of reconstruction of enterprises, subject to compliance with the requirements of the PUE, the distance between cables of all voltages and pipelines may be reduced to 0.25 m;

f) between pipelines for various purposes (with the exception of sewer pipelines, crossing water pipelines and pipelines for toxic and foul-smelling liquids) - 0.2 m;

g) pipelines transporting drinking water should be placed 0.4 m higher than sewerage or pipelines transporting toxic and foul-smelling liquids; it is allowed to place steel pipelines enclosed in cases that transport drinking water of lower quality than sewer ones, while the distance from the walls of the sewer pipes to the edge of the case must be at least 5 m in each direction in clay soils and 10 m in coarse and sandy soils, and sewer pipes pipes should be made of cast iron pipes;

i) utility and drinking water supply inlets with a pipe diameter of up to 150 mm may be provided below sewer ones without installing a casing, if the distance between the walls of intersecting pipes is 0.5 m..."

4.5.3. Placement of fire hydrants

a) Clause 6.12: “When determining the location and number of fire risers and fire hydrants in buildings, the following must be taken into account:

in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of at least three, and in residential buildings - at least two, paired fire hydrants can be installed on risers;

in residential buildings with corridors over 10 m long, as well as in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of two or more, each point in the room should be irrigated with two jets - one jet from two adjacent risers (different fire cabinets).

Notes: 1. The installation of fire hydrants in technical floors, attics and technical undergrounds should be provided if they contain combustible materials and structures.

2. The number of jets supplied from each riser should be no more than two.

3. If there are four or more jets, it is allowed to use fire hydrants on adjacent floors to obtain the total required water flow."

b) Clause 6.13: “Fire hydrants should be installed at a height of 1.35 m above the floor of the room and placed in cabinets with openings for ventilation, adapted for their sealing and visual inspection without opening. Twin fire hydrants may be installed one above the other, with In this case, the second tap is installed at a height of at least 1 m from the floor."

c) Clause 6.14: “In fire cabinets of industrial, auxiliary and public buildings, it should be possible to place two hand-held fire extinguishers.

Each fire hydrant must be equipped with a fire hose of the same diameter, 10, 15 or 20 m long, and a fire nozzle.

In a building or parts of a building separated by fire walls, sprinklers, nozzles and fire hydrants of the same diameter and fire hoses of the same length should be used..."

A cabinet for placing fire-fighting equipment (barrel, hose, tap, fire extinguishers), as a rule, should have dimensions of 1000x255x900 (h); when installing twin fire hydrants, the cabinet size is taken to be 1000x255x1000 (h).

d) Clause 6.16: “Internal fire hydrants should be installed primarily at entrances, on landings of heated (except for smoke-free) staircases, in lobbies, corridors, passages and other most accessible places, and their location should not interfere with the evacuation of people.”

4.5.4. Laying internal networks

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings":

a) Clause 9.1: "Systems of internal cold water pipelines should be adopted: dead-end, if a break in the water supply is allowed and with the number of fire hydrants up to 12; ring or with looped inputs with two dead-end pipelines with branches to consumers from each of them to ensure continuous water supply.

Ring networks must be connected to the outer ring network with at least two inputs.

Two or more inputs should be provided for:

buildings in which more than 12 fire hydrants are installed..."

b) Clause 9.2: “When installing two or more inputs, provision should be made for connecting them, as a rule, to different sections of the outer ring water supply network. Between the inputs to the building on the external network, valves or valves should be installed to ensure water supply to the building in case of an emergency one of the network sections."

c) Clause 9.3: “If it is necessary to install pumps in a building to increase pressure in the internal water supply network, the inlets must be combined in front of the pumps with the installation of a valve on the connecting pipeline to ensure water supply to each pump from any inlet.

When installing independent pumping units at each input, there is no need to combine inputs.”

d) Clause 9.4: “It is necessary to provide for the installation of check valves at water supply inlets if several inlets are installed on the internal water supply network, having measuring devices and interconnected by pipelines inside the building.

Note: In some cases, when measuring devices are not provided, check valves should not be installed."

e) Clause 9.8: “The laying of internal water supply distribution networks in residential and public buildings should be provided in undergrounds, basements, technical floors and attics, and in the absence of attics - on the ground floor in underground channels together with heating pipelines or under the floor with the installation of a removable frieze, as well as on building structures that allow open laying of pipelines, or under the ceiling of the upper floor.The laying of risers and distribution of internal water supply should be provided in shafts, openly - along the walls of showers, kitchens and other premises.

Hidden laying of pipelines should be provided for premises for which there are increased requirements for finishing, and for all systems made of plastic pipes (except for those located in sanitary facilities) ... "

f) Clause 9.9: “The laying of water supply networks inside industrial buildings, as a rule, should be provided open - but on trusses, columns, walls and under ceilings. If open installation is not possible, it is allowed to provide for the placement of water supply networks in common channels with other pipelines, except for pipelines transporting flammable, combustible or toxic liquids and gases. Joint laying of utility and drinking water pipelines with sewer pipelines is allowed only in through channels, while sewerage pipelines should be placed below the water supply. Special channels for laying water pipelines should be designed upon justification and only in exceptional cases. Pipelines supplying water to process equipment may be laid in the floor or under the floor."

g) Clause 9.11: “The laying of pipelines should be provided with a slope of at least 0.002.”

h) Clause 9.12: “Pipelines, except for fire risers, laid in channels, shafts, cabins, tunnels, as well as in rooms with high humidity, should be insulated from moisture condensation.”

i) Clause 9.13: “The installation of year-round internal cold water supply should be provided in rooms with an air temperature in winter above 2 °C. When laying pipelines in rooms with an air temperature below 2 °C, measures must be taken to protect pipelines from freezing.

If it is possible to briefly reduce the room temperature to 0 °C or lower, as well as when laying pipes in the zone of influence of external cold air (near external entrance doors and gates), thermal insulation of the pipes should be provided.”

4.5.5. Pipelines and fittings for fire protection
water supply

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings":

a) Clause 10.1: "Pipe material for internal pipelines supplying cold water should be taken:

for supplying casting quality water from galvanized steel pipes with a diameter of up to 150 mm and non-galvanized pipes with larger diameters or from other materials, including plastics, approved for these purposes by the Main Sanitary and Epidemiological Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Health;

for supplying water for technological needs - taking into account the requirements for water quality, pressure and metal saving.

Pipe connections should be made by welding, flanges, threads or glue.

When welding galvanized pipes, restoration of the zinc coating should be done with paint containing at least 94% zinc dust.

Note: 1. Plastic pipes for combined and separate systems of internal fire-fighting water supply, except for connections to sanitary fixtures, as well as their laying under electrical cables in semi-through and through channels and tunnels are not allowed."

b) Clause 10.2: “Pipelines made of combustible materials laid in rooms of fire hazard categories A, B and C should be protected from fire.”

c) Clause 10.3: “Pipeline, water supply and mixing fittings for domestic and drinking water supply systems should be installed at an operating pressure of 0.6 MPa (6 kgf/cm2); fittings for individual fire-fighting systems and household and fire-fighting water supply systems - at operating pressure no more than 1.0 MPa (10 kgf/cm2); fittings for individual industrial water supply systems - at the operating pressure accepted according to technological requirements."

d) Clause 10.4; “The design of the water supply and shut-off valves ensures smooth closing and opening of the water flow. Valves (gates) must be installed on pipes with a diameter of 50 mm or more.

Notes: 1. When risers are looped vertically, it is allowed to install plug gland valves on them in the upper part and on the jumpers. A valve and drain plug should be provided at the base of the riser.

2. It is allowed, if justified, to use valves with diameters of 50 and 65 mm."

e) Clause 10.5: "Installation of shut-off valves on internal water supply networks should provide for:

on each input;

on a ring distribution network to ensure the possibility of switching off its individual sections for repairs (no more than a half-ring);

At the base of fire risers with a number of fire hydrants of 5 or more;

Notes: 1. Shut-off valves should be provided at the base and at the upper ends of vertically looped risers.

2. In ring sections, it is necessary to provide fittings that allow water to pass in two directions.

6. In residential and public buildings with a height of 7 floors or more with one fire riser, a repair valve must be provided in the middle part of the riser."

f) Clause 10.6: “When water fittings with a diameter of 50 mm or more are located at a height of more than 1.6 m from the floor, stationary platforms or bridges should be provided for its maintenance.

Note: When the height of the reinforcement is up to 3 m and the diameter is up to 150 mm, it is allowed to use mobile towers, stepladders and ladders with a slope of no more than 60°, subject to compliance with safety regulations."

4.6. Calculation of fire-fighting water supply

4.6.1. Calculation of external fire-fighting water supply networks

Hydraulic calculations of the external network of the combined utility, drinking and industrial fire-fighting water supply system are carried out in two modes:

1) at normal times according to the formula:

q calc = q x-p + q pr + q d

2) in case of fire according to the formula:

q calc = q x-p + q pr + q pozh,

where: q calculated - estimated water flow;

q x-p - water consumption for household and drinking needs;

q pr - water consumption for production needs;

q d - water consumption for using showers

q fire - water consumption for fire extinguishing, equal to the sum of water consumption for internal and external fire extinguishing.

Hydraulic calculation of the industrial fire-fighting water supply network is also carried out for two modes or

1) at normal times:

q calc = q pr

2) in case of fire:

q calc = q pr + q po

Hydraulic calculations of the fire-fighting water supply network are carried out to meet fire-fighting needs or:

q calc = q

Pipe diameters are selected taking into account the most economical water flow rates, at which construction and operating costs will be minimal. The magnitude of these speeds under normal operating conditions of the water supply system is: 0.7 - 1.2 m/s for pipes of small diameters; 1 ? 1.5 m/s - large diameters; 2? 2.5 m/s when omitting fire extinguishing costs.

The value of the hydraulic slope for determining pressure losses in pipelines should be taken in accordance with mandatory Appendix 10 of SNiP 2.04.02-84 “Water supply. External networks and structures” or according to tables for hydraulic calculation of pipes.

4.6.2. Calculation of internal fire protection networks
water supply

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings":

a) Clause 7.1: “Hydraulic calculation of internal cold water supply networks must be carried out based on the maximum second water flow.”

b) Clause 7.2: “The networks of combined utility-fire-fighting and industrial-fire-fighting water supply systems must be checked to pass the calculated water consumption for fire extinguishing with the highest consumption for household, drinking and production needs, while the water consumption for using showers, washing floors, Watering the area is not taken into account.

It is also not necessary to take into account the shutdown (reservation) of sections of the water supply network, risers and equipment.

Note. For residential areas, during fire extinguishing and liquidation of an emergency on the external water supply network, it is allowed not to provide water supply to a closed hot water supply system."

c) Clause 7.3; “When calculating networks of utility, drinking, industrial and fire-fighting water supply systems, the necessary water pressures should be provided at... fire hydrants located highest and furthest from the input, taking into account the requirements of clause 7.5.”

d) Clause 7.4: “Hydraulic calculations of water supply networks fed by several inputs should be made taking into account the shutdown of one of them.

With two inputs, each of them must be designed for 100% water consumption, and with a larger number of inputs - for 50% water consumption."

e) Clause 7.5: “The diameters of the pipes of internal water supply networks should be determined based on the maximum use of the guaranteed water pressure in the external water supply network.

The diameters of the ring jumper pipelines should be no less than the largest diameter of the water riser."

f) Clause 7.6: “The speed of water movement in pipelines of internal water supply networks, including during fire fighting, should not exceed 3 m/s, in sprinkler and deluge systems - 10 m/s.

The diameters of the pipelines of the water risers in the sectional unit should be selected according to the calculated water flow in the riser, determined in accordance with clause 3.3, with a coefficient of 0.7".

g) Clause 7.7: "Pressure loss in sections of pipelines of cold water supply systems N, m, should be determined by the formula

H = iL / (I + K l) (12)

The values ​​of K l should be taken:

0.2 - in networks of integrated utility and fire water pipelines of residential and public buildings, as well as in networks of industrial water supply systems;

0.15 - in networks of integrated industrial fire-fighting water supply systems;

0.1 - in fire-fighting water supply networks."

4.7. Selection of pumping equipment I definition
tank capacities.

4.7.1. Pumping stations.

SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures."

a) Clause 7.1: “Pumping stations according to the degree of water supply should be divided into three categories, accepted in accordance with clause 4.4.

Notes: 1. Pumping stations that supply water directly to the fire-fighting and combined fire-fighting water supply networks should be classified as category I.

2. Pumping stations for fire-fighting and combined fire-fighting water supply systems of the facilities specified in the note. 1 clause 2.11 may be classified as category II.

4. For the established category of pumping station, the same category of power supply reliability should be accepted according to the “Rules for Electrical Installations” (PUE) of the USSR Ministry of Energy.

b) Clause 7.2: “The choice of the type of pumps and the number of working units should be made on the basis of calculations of the joint operation of pumps, water pipelines, networks, control tanks, daily and hourly water consumption schedules, fire extinguishing conditions, and the order of commissioning of the facility.

When choosing the type of pumping units, it is necessary to ensure the minimum amount of excess pressure developed by the pumps in all operating modes, through the use of control tanks, regulation of the speed, changing the number and types of pumps, trimming or replacing impellers in accordance with changes in their operating conditions during the design period. term.

Notes: 1. Installation of groups of pumps for various purposes is allowed in machine rooms.

2. In pumping stations supplying water for household and drinking needs, the installation of pumps pumping odorous and toxic liquids is prohibited, with the exception of pumps supplying a foam solution to the fire extinguishing system."

c) Clause 7.3: “In a pumping station for a group of pumps for the same purpose, supplying water to the same network or water pipelines, the number of backup units should be taken according to Table 32.

Table 32

Notes: 1. The number of working units includes fire pumps.

2. The number of working units of one group, except for firefighters, must be at least two. In pumping stations of categories II and III, upon justification, the installation of one working unit is allowed.

3. When installing pumps with different characteristics in one group, the number of reserve units should be taken for pumps of higher capacity according to table. 32, and store a backup pump of lower capacity in a warehouse.

4. In pumping stations of combined high-pressure fire-fighting water supply systems or when installing only fire pumps, one backup fire unit should be provided, regardless of the number of working units.

5. In pumping stations of water supply systems in settlements with a population of up to 5 thousand people. with one source of power supply, a backup fire pump with an internal combustion engine and automatic start (from batteries) should be installed.

6. In category II pumping stations with ten or more working units, one reserve unit may be stored in a warehouse.

7. To increase the productivity of buried pumping stations up to 20 - 30%, it should be possible to replace pumps with higher productivity or install backup foundations for installing additional pumps."

d) Clause 7.4: “The elevation of the pump axis should, as a rule, be determined from the condition of installing the pump casing under the fill:

in a container - from the upper water level (determined from the bottom) of the fire volume (for one fire, average - for two or more fires;

When determining the elevation of the pump axis, one should take into account the permissible vacuum suction height (from the calculated minimum water level) or the required pressure on the suction side required by the manufacturer, as well as the pressure loss in the suction pipeline, temperature conditions and barometric pressure.

Note: 1. In pumping stations of categories II and III, it is allowed to install pumps not under the fill; in this case, vacuum pumps and a vacuum boiler should be provided.

2. The floor level of machine rooms of buried pumping stations should be determined based on the installation of pumps of higher capacity or dimensions, taking into account notes. 7 p. 7.3"

e) Clause 7.5: “The number of suction lines to the pumping station, regardless of the number and groups of installed pumps, including fire pumps, must be at least two.

When one line is turned off, the rest must be designed to pass the full design flow rate for pumping stations of categories I and II..."

f) Clause 7.6: “The number of pressure lines from pumping stations of categories I and II must be at least two...”

g) Clause 7.7: “The placement of shut-off valves on the suction and pressure pipelines must ensure the possibility of replacing or repairing any of the pumps, check valves and stop valve bases, as well as checking the characteristics of the pumps without violating the requirements of clause 4.4 for the security of water supply... "

h) Clause 7.8: “The pressure line of each pump must be equipped with shut-off valves and, as a rule, a check valve installed between the pump and the shut-off valves.

When installing mounting inserts, they should be placed between the shut-off valve and the check valve.

Shut-off valves should be installed on the suction lines of each pump for pumps located under the fill or connected to a common suction manifold."

i) P. 7.9: “The diameter of pipes, fittings and fittings should be taken on the basis of a technical and economic calculation based on the speed of water movement within the limits specified in Table 33.

Table 33

Pipe diameter, mm	Speed ​​of water movement in pipelines of pumping stations, m/s
	suction	pressure
St. 250 to 800

j) Clause 7.10: "The dimensions of the machine room of the pumping station should be determined taking into account the requirements of Section 12"

k) Clause 7.11: “To reduce the size of the station in plan, it is allowed to install pumps with right and left rotation of the shaft, while the impeller should rotate in only one direction.”

l) Clause 7.12: "Suction and pressure manifolds with shut-off valves should be located in the pumping station building, if this does not cause an increase in the span of the turbine room."

n) Clause 7.13: “Pipelines in pumping stations, as well as suction lines outside the turbine room, as a rule, should be made of welded steel pipes using flanges for connection to fittings and pumps.”

o) Clause 7.14: “The suction pipeline, as a rule, must have a continuous rise to the pump of at least 0.005. In places where pipeline diameters change, eccentric transitions should be used.”

p) Clause 7.15: “In buried and semi-buried pumping stations, measures must be taken against possible flooding of units in the event of an accident within the turbine room on the largest pump in terms of performance, as well as shut-off valves or pipelines by: placing pump electric motors at a height of at least 0 .5 m from the floor of the machine room; gravity release of an emergency amount of water into the sewer or onto the surface of the earth with the installation of a valve or gate valve: pumping water from the pit with the main pumps for industrial purposes.

If it is necessary to install emergency pumps, their performance should be determined from the condition of pumping water from the turbine room with a layer of 0.5 m for no more than 2 hours and one backup unit should be provided."

p) P. 7.16: “For water drainage, the floors and channels of the turbine room should be designed with a slope towards the collection pit. On the foundations for pumps, sides, grooves and tubes for water drainage should be provided. If it is impossible to drain water by gravity from the pit, drainage pumps should be provided.” .

c) Clause 7.18: “Pumping stations with a machine room size of 6?9 m or more must be equipped with an internal fire-fighting water supply with a water flow rate of 2.5 l/s. In addition, the following should be provided:

when installing electric motors with voltages up to 1000 V or less: two manual foam fire extinguishers, and for internal combustion engines up to 300 hp. - four fire extinguishers;...

Note: Fire hydrants should be connected to the pressure manifold of the pumps."

t) Clause 7.19: “In the pumping station, regardless of the degree of automation, a sanitary unit (toilet, sink), a room and a locker for storing the clothes of the operating personnel (the repair crew on duty) should be provided.

When the pumping station is located at a distance of no more than 50 m from industrial buildings with sanitary facilities, it is allowed not to provide a sanitary unit "...

y) P. 7.21: “In pumping stations with internal combustion engines, it is allowed to place consumable containers with liquid fuel (gasoline up to 250 l, diesel fuel up to 500 l) in rooms separated from the engine rear by fireproof structures with fire resistance limits of at least 2 hours. "

f) Clause 7.22: “In pumping stations, installation of control and measuring equipment must be provided in accordance with the instructions of Section 13.”

x) Clause 7.23: "Fire-fighting water supply pumping stations may be located in industrial buildings, and they must be separated by fire partitions"

v) Clause 12.2: “When determining the area of ​​production premises, the width of passages should be taken at least:

between pumps or electric motors - I m;

between pumps or electric motors and the wall in recessed rooms - 0.7 m, in others - 1 m; in this case, the width of the passage on the electric motor side must be sufficient to dismantle the rotor;

between compressors or blowers - 1.5 m, between them and the wall - 1 m;

between fixed protruding parts of equipment - 0.7 m;

in front of the electrical distribution panel - 2 m.

Notes: 1. Passages around the equipment, regulated by the manufacturer, should be taken according to the passport data.

2. For units with a discharge pipe diameter up to 100 mm inclusive, the following is allowed: installation of units against a wall or on brackets; installation of two units on the same foundation with a distance between the protruding parts of the units of at least 0.25 m, with passages of at least 0.7 m wide around the double installation."

h) Clause 12.3: “For the operation of technological equipment, fittings and pipelines in the premises, lifting and transport equipment should be provided, and, as a rule, the following should be used: with a load weight of up to 5 tons - a manual hoist or a manual overhead crane;.. .

Note: 2. To move equipment and fittings weighing up to 0.3 tons, the use of rigging equipment is allowed."

4.7.2. Water storage tanks

SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures."

a) Clause 2.25: “The maximum period for restoring the fire volume of water should be no more than:

24 hours - in populated areas and at industrial enterprises with fire hazard categories A, B, C;

36 hours - at industrial enterprises with fire hazard categories G, D and E;

72 hours - in rural settlements and agricultural enterprises.

Notes: 1. For industrial enterprises with water consumption for external fire extinguishing of 20 l/s or less, it is allowed to increase the recovery time of the fire volume of water:

		productions

2. During the period of restoration of the fire volume of water, it is allowed to reduce the water supply for household and drinking needs by water supply systems of categories I and II up to 70%, category III up to 50% of the calculated flow rate and water supply for production needs according to the emergency schedule.”

b) Clause 9.1: “Containers in water supply systems, depending on their purpose, must include regulatory, fire, emergency and contact volumes of water.”

c) Clause 9.2: “The regulating volume of water W p, m 3, in containers (reservoirs, water tower tanks, counter-reservoirs, etc.) should be determined based on the schedules of water supply and withdrawal, and in their absence, by the formula:

W p = Q day.max (33)

where Q day.max is water consumption per day of maximum water consumption, m 3 / day;

K n - the ratio of the maximum hourly water supply to the regulating tank at water treatment stations, pumping stations or to the water supply network with a regulating tank to the average hourly flow rate per day of maximum water consumption;

K h - coefficient of hourly unevenness of water withdrawal from a regulating tank or a water supply network with a regulating tank, defined as the ratio of the maximum hourly withdrawal to the average hourly flow rate per day of maximum water consumption.

The maximum hourly water withdrawal directly for the needs of consumers who do not have regulating tanks should be taken equal to the maximum hourly water consumption. The maximum hourly withdrawal of water from the regulating tank by pumps for supply to the water supply network, if there is a regulating tank on the network, is determined by the maximum hourly productivity of the pumping station...

Note: When justified, it is allowed to provide a volume of water in containers to regulate the daily unevenness of water consumption."

d) Clause 9.3: “The fire volume of water should be provided in cases where obtaining the required amount of water to extinguish a fire directly from the water supply source is technically impossible or economically impractical.”

e) Clause 9.4: “The fire volume of water in tanks must be determined from the condition of ensuring:

fire extinguishing from external hydrants and internal fire hydrants in accordance with paragraphs. 2.12 - 2.17, 2.20, 2.22 - 2.24;

special fire extinguishing means (sprinklers, deluges, etc. that do not have their own tanks) according to paragraphs. 2.18 and 2.19;

maximum household, drinking and production needs for the entire fire extinguishing period, taking into account the requirements of clause 2.21.

Note. When determining the fire volume of water in reservoirs, it is allowed to take into account its replenishment during fire extinguishing, if the water supply to them is carried out by water supply systems of categories I and II."

f) Clause 9.5: “The fire volume of water in the tanks of water towers should be calculated for the ten-minute duration of extinguishing one external and one internal fire while simultaneously using the greatest amount of water for other needs.

Note. If justified, it is allowed to store in the tanks of water towers the full fire volume determined according to clause 9.4."

g) Clause 9.6: “When supplying water through one water pipeline in containers, the following should be provided:

emergency volume of water, ensuring during the liquidation of the accident on the water pipeline (clause 8.4) water consumption for household and drinking needs in the amount of 70% of the estimated average hourly water consumption and production needs according to the emergency schedule;

additional volume of water for fire extinguishing in the amount determined in accordance with clause 9.4.

Notes: 1. The time required to restore the emergency volume of water should be 36 - 48 hours.

2. Restoration of emergency water volume should be provided by reducing water consumption or using backup pumping units.

3. It is allowed not to provide an additional volume of water for fire extinguishing if the length of one water line is no more than 500 m to populated areas with a population of up to 5,000 people, as well as to industrial and agricultural enterprises when the water consumption for external fire extinguishing is no more than 40 l/s" .

h) Clause 9.9: “Containers and their equipment must be protected from water freezing.”

i) Clause 9.10: “In containers for drinking water, the exchange of fire and emergency volumes of water must be ensured within a period of no more than 48 hours.

Note. When justified, the period of water exchange in containers can be increased to 3 - 4 days. In this case, it is necessary to provide for the installation of circulation pumps, the performance of which should be determined from the condition of replacing water in containers within a period of no more than 48 hours, taking into account the supply of water from the water supply source."

j) Clause 9.12: "Water tanks and tanks of water towers must be equipped with: inlet and outlet pipelines or a combined inlet and outlet pipeline, overflow device, drain pipeline, ventilation device, brackets or ladders, manholes for the passage of people and transportation equipment.

Depending on the purpose of the container, the following should be additionally provided:

devices for measuring water level, monitoring vacuum and pressure in accordance with clause 13.36;

skylights with a diameter of 300 mm (in non-potable water tanks);

flushing water supply (portable or stationary); a device to prevent water from overflowing from a container (automation means or installation of a float shut-off valve on the supply pipeline);

a device for cleaning the air entering the container (in drinking water tanks)."

k) Clause 9.13: “At the end of the supply pipeline in reservoirs and tanks of water towers, a diffuser with a horizontal edge or a chamber should be provided, the top of which should be located 50 - 100 mm above the maximum water level in the tank.”

m) Clause 9.14: “A confuser must be provided on the outlet pipeline in the tank; with a pipeline diameter of up to 200 mm, it is permissible to use a receiving valve located in the pit (see clause 7.4.).

The distance from the edge of the confuser to the bottom of the walls of the tank or pit should be determined based on the speed of approach of water to the confuser, no more than the speed of water movement in the inlet section.

The horizontal edge of the confuser installed in the bottom of the tank, as well as the top of the pit, should be 50 mm higher than the bottom concrete.

A grate must be provided on the outlet pipeline or pit.

Outside the reservoir or water tower, on the outlet (supply-outlet) pipeline, a device should be provided for water withdrawal by tank trucks and fire trucks."

m) Clause 9.15: “The overflow device must be designed for a flow rate equal to the difference between the maximum supply and minimum water withdrawal. The layer of water at the edge of the overflow device must be no more than 100 mm.

In tanks and water towers intended for drinking water, a hydraulic valve must be provided on the overflow device."

o) Clause 9.16: “The drain pipeline should be designed with a diameter of 100 - 150 mm, depending on the volume of the tank. The bottom of the tank should have a slope of at least 0.005 towards the drain pipeline.”

p) Clause 9.17: “Drain and overflow pipelines should be connected (without flooding their ends):

from containers for non-potable water - to sewers of any purpose with a burst of flow or to an open ditch;

from drinking water containers - to a rain drain or to an open ditch with a stream break.

When connecting an overflow pipeline to an open ditch, it is necessary to provide for the installation of gratings with 10 mm gaps at the end of the pipeline.

If it is impossible or impractical to discharge water through the drain pipeline by gravity, a well should be provided for pumping out water with mobile pumps."

p) Clause 9.18: “The inlet and outlet of air when the position of the water level in the tank changes, as well as the exchange of air in tanks for storing fire and emergency volumes, should be provided through ventilation devices that exclude the possibility of the formation of a vacuum exceeding 80 mm water column. .

In tanks, the air space above the maximum level to the bottom edge of the slab or floor plane should be taken from 200 to 300 mm. The crossbars and slab supports can be flooded, and it is necessary to ensure air exchange between all sections of the coating."

c) Clause 9.19: “Hatches must be located close to the ends of the inlet, outlet and overflow pipelines. Manhole covers in drinking water tanks must have devices for locking and sealing. Tank hatches must rise above the floor insulation to a height of at least 0.2 m.

In drinking water tanks, complete sealing of all hatches must be ensured."

t) Clause 9.21: “The total number of tanks of the same purpose in one unit must be at least two.

In all tanks in the unit, the lowest and highest levels of fire, emergency and control volumes should be at the same levels, respectively.

When one tank is turned off, at least 50% of the fire and emergency volumes of water must be stored in the others.

The equipment of the tanks must provide the possibility of independent activation and emptying of each tank.

The construction of one tank is allowed if it does not contain fire and emergency volumes."

y) Clause 9.22: “The designs of valve chambers in tanks should not be rigidly connected to the design of the tanks.”

f) Clause 9.23: “Water towers may be designed with a tent around the tank or without a tent, depending on the operating mode of the tower, the volume of the tank, climatic conditions and the temperature of the water in the water supply source.”

x) Clause 9.24: “The trunk of a water tower may be used to accommodate industrial premises of the water supply system, excluding the formation of dust, smoke and gas emissions.”

v) Clause 9.25: “When rigidly sealing pipes in the bottom of a water tower tank, compensators must be provided on the pipeline risers.”

Efficiency and efficiency in extinguishing fires largely depend on the availability and technical condition of the external fire-fighting water supply system. This main circuit has a rather complex design, and when constructing a new facility or equipping an existing one with the system, certain standards and requirements must be observed.

The main document that regulates the procedure for equipping various real estate objects with a main line and other constituent elements of an external fire-fighting water supply system is considered to be a comprehensive set of basic rules 8-13130-2009, which was approved by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief. In addition, installation work is carried out on the basis of SNIP 2.04.02/84.

Kinds

An external or external fire water supply system (in the documentation you can find the abbreviated name for this system - NPV) is designed to ensure prompt connection of fire fighting equipment to a water supply source.

In most cases, this system is the key to quickly and effectively localizing the fire area, and also allows you to connect equipment of various formats and types. In addition, the described system has a high level of safety when searching for water supply sources.

Depending on the design and the intended operating principle, external fire-fighting water supply systems are divided into two main types, namely:

• ring type;
• dead-end type.

A ring water supply allows you to disconnect certain areas of a room or structure from further water supply. Also, unlike the dead-end system, the ring system is characterized by a lower force of the hydraulic shock wave. It is not allowed to loop fire mains with household water supply networks.

Design and installation

An external fire-fighting water supply system should be used in populated areas with a population of up to five thousand. Also, an external main should be installed to extinguish possible fires in public buildings and facilities, industrial buildings and buildings, the total volume of which is up to 1000 cubic meters. In this case, production facilities must belong to segments “B”, “D” and “D”.

When drawing up a detailed design and constructing the structures described, it is important to correctly calculate and subsequently provide a regulatory indicator characterizing the level of water consumption.

The amount of liquid consumed should be from 10 to 35 liters for residential buildings, from 10 to 40 liters for commercial and industrial buildings. An important criterion for accurately determining the quantity in the indicated ranges is the fire resistance class of the property.

It is also worth considering the requirements of approved standards regarding free pressure in the network. So, at the entrance to the structure with a maximum load on the internal water supply inside a one-story room, the free pressure should be at least 10 meters.

If there are additional floors, this parameter should increase by 4 meters in relation to each existing floor. The standards also provide for a maximum free pressure indicator, which for maximum safety should not exceed 60 meters.

When designing an external fire water supply system, the intended water supply system for the administrative unit or individual location where the general fire extinguishing system will be installed should be taken into account.

The total number of individual supply lines may depend on this indicator. In the case of two or more separate water mains, consideration should be given to the need for additional shut-off devices and mechanisms or shut-off valves that will help regulate and concentrate the flow of water to a specific part of a particular property.

When designing exterior fire protection and plumbing systems, special attention should be paid to selecting the proper pipe diameter. Selection is carried out in accordance with technical calculations, taking into account possible operation when individual sections are disconnected.

The regulated diameter of fire-fighting water supply pipes differs depending on the type of settlement. Thus, for the installation of an external fire main within the city, pipes with a diameter of at least 10 cm must be used; for rural areas this figure is slightly smaller and is 7.5 cm.

It also largely depends on third-party factors depending on the geographical location and climate zone. Thus, in areas with the most unstable seismicity, the design and installation of external fire-fighting water supply systems should include several water intake lines.

At the same time, the rules prohibit the implementation of blind sealing of the pipeline at the entrance through the walls of the building. In this case, the hole is sealed with elastic materials, which ensures the free placement of the pipe with a gap of 10 cm.

In regions where fairly low ambient temperatures prevail, proper insulation of the pipeline is a prerequisite. In some cases, it is necessary to install additional equipment that provides forced heating of water in the system.

Connecting equipment

Which are an integral part of the external fire main and are a connection point to fire trucks and similar equipment, must be installed along the edges of roads at a distance not exceeding 2.5 meters from the surface, and not less than five meters from the walls of buildings. In addition, the rules allow direct application on the surface of the roadway itself.

The distance between hydrants depends on their performance and the total internal pressure in the main. An important role when installing an external water pipeline and installing fire hydrants is played by high-quality and effective thermal insulation, which will prevent water from freezing in the cold season.

The responsibilities of municipal services in populated areas include mandatory cleaning of hydrants and other fire-fighting devices and mechanisms from snow and ice in winter.

A prerequisite for the prompt connection of fire-fighting equipment to hydrants is the availability of schematic plans and indicators of their location, distance to water intake sources and other information. Such signs are made using reflective paint or equipped with additional lighting sources.

The fire hydrants themselves must be installed in specially equipped wells, providing quick access and connection of fire-fighting equipment. In this case, the laying of the water pipeline itself can be carried out both above the surface of the earth and below it at a certain depth.

Set of rules

The main regulatory document on the basis of which the design and installation of external fire water supply is carried out is a set of rules (codification - SP 8-131 30-2009).

This document was approved in its original version on March 25, 2009 by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, and put into effect on May 1, 2009. In accordance with the requirements of current legislation, the described set of rules was registered by the state agency for technical regulation and metrology.

The current edition of the set of rules for fire protection systems contains 11 main sections, as well as a bibliography. Among the most significant sections, the basic fire safety requirements for the design of external water supply systems, pumping stations and networks, water consumption standards, etc. should be highlighted.

Published on the website: 12/15/2011 at 1:20 p.m.
Object: MDOU 191.
Project developer: SPPB LLC.
Developer's website: — .
Project release year: 2011.
Systems: Pumping station automation, Fire water supply

Type of construction – renovation. The building of the MDOU - kindergarten N191 in Ivanovo is two-story with a basement. The protected premises are heated. The pumping station is located in the basement.

System Description:

The internal fire water supply pumping station is designed to bring the existing internal fire water supply system into compliance with current standards and regulations. Fire water pipeline repair includes:

• pumping station of internal fire water supply system;
• motorized shutter;
• automation of the pumping station and electric shutter;
• installation of manual fire call points in each cabinet with a fire hydrant, which serve to remotely turn on the working pump;
• switching on the backup pump in case of failure to start the working pump or failure to create
• them at the calculated pressure for 10 seconds.

The internal fire-fighting water supply system is designed to eliminate small fires and send a fire signal to a room with personnel on duty around the clock. Sprayed water is used as a fire extinguishing agent, as the most economical, effective and environmentally friendly fire extinguishing agent. The minimum water consumption for internal fire-fighting water supply is determined in accordance with Table 1 of SP 10.13130.2009, water consumption is specified in accordance with Table 3 of SP 10.13130.2009 and amounted to 1 stream of 2.6 l/s with a pressure at the tap of 0.1 MPa. Based on the minimum flow rate per jet, RS-50 mm fire hydrants with a tip spray diameter of 16 mm, equipped with fire hoses 20 m long, were designed. The estimated fire extinguishing time was taken to be 3 hours in accordance with clause 4.1.10 of SP 10.13130.2009. Hydraulic calculation of the installation was carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01-85* and taking into account the tables of Shevelev F.A. “Tables for hydraulic calculations of steel, cast iron, asbestos-cement, plastic and glass water pipes.” As a result of the hydraulic calculation, the required pressure at a flow rate of 2.6 l/s was 35.6 m. Since the city water supply does not provide the required pressure at the entrance to the building, the project adopted a KML2 40/140 pump with a 2.2 kW electric motor as the main water supply. , developing the required pressure at a flow rate of 2.6 l/s together with the city water supply. The project has adopted two units for installation - a working one and a standby one. Under normal operating conditions, all pipelines of the internal fire water supply system are filled with water. The operating principle of the installation when working with fire hydrants is as follows:

• If small fires are visually detected, unwind the fire hose, direct the fire barrel to the combustion zone, manually open the valve at the fire hydrant and break the glass of the manual fire call point. The “IPR 513-3 isp.02” detector installed in fire hydrant cabinets is in the mode of single flashing of the built-in LED with a period of about 4 seconds and a current consumption of up to 50 μA.
• When a plastic window is destroyed, the LED of the detectors switches to a constant glow mode, which confirms the reception of the signal by the control panel. The pulse from the manual fire call point generates a command pulse into the automatic gate opening circuit with an electric drive on the water supply bypass line.

The remote start signal must be sent to the pump unit after automatically checking the water pressure in the system. If there is sufficient pressure in the system, the pump start should be automatically canceled until the pressure drops, requiring the pump unit to be turned on. The pump takes water from the water supply and pumps it into the fire-fighting water supply network. Water begins to flow to the fire. If within 10 seconds the working pump does not turn on or does not create the calculated pressure, the backup pump will turn on. To automate and signal the operation of the internal fire water supply system at the facility, a set of devices of the Orion integrated security system, produced by NVP Bolid CJSC, Korolev, Moscow Region, is used. All system devices comply with fire safety requirements, have fire safety certificates and certificates of conformity. To control the equipment of the pumping station of the internal fire-fighting water supply, the fire control device “Potok-3N” is used. Configuration 6 of this device controls the working and standby pumps and the electric drive of the butterfly valve. The Potok-3N device monitors starting circuits for open circuits and short circuits. ShKP-4 control and starting cabinets are used to switch the power circuits of electric motors of fire pumps and butterfly valves with an electric drive. The pump control channel combines the starting circuit, the output of the “Fault” indicator and three control circuits with a common control tactic. The Potok-3N device constantly monitors the power supply state of the ShKP cabinets, the control mode and the state of the magnetic starter. When the automatic start mode is turned off, the device switches to the “Local control” mode. When the starting conditions for this pump occur, a start signal will be issued to the starting circuit if the power is normal and the automatic control mode is turned on. After a successful start-up, the device transmits the message “Working pump is on” to the network controller. If within 1.5 s after startup there is no signal confirming the operation of the magnetic starter or the pump does not return to mode within 10 s, the device considers the pump to be out of order, turns on the “fault” indicator of the pump’s control gear and no longer issues signals to start this pump until complete system restart. The device generates a command impulse to turn on the backup fire pump. Local control of the electric motors of fire pumps is provided by buttons installed on the front panel of the ShKP cabinets and is used to control the electric motors of the pumps in the event of a remote start failure, as well as during commissioning. The Potok-3N device transmits notifications about operation and malfunctions in the installations of the internal fire-fighting water supply system to the network controller through the interface line. The “S2000M” remote control installed at the security post on the first floor of the main building is used as a network controller. All system devices are designed for round-the-clock operation. Internal fire-fighting water supply belongs to consumers of the first category of power supply reliability and, according to the PUE, is provided by two independent sources of power supply. Protection of electrical circuits is carried out in accordance with the PUE. Electrical wiring is carried out with flame retardant cables laid in corrugated PVC pipes and metal pipes. To ensure the safety of people, the electrical equipment of the system must be reliably grounded (zeroed) in accordance with the requirements of the PUE and the passport requirements for electrical equipment.

Project drawings

(They are for reference only. The project itself can be downloaded from the link below.)

Fire-fighting water supply is used in civil and industrial buildings to quickly supply water in the event of a fire. In the event of a sudden fire, the safety of property and the lives of people present in the premises will depend on this system. Therefore, it is important that at the right moment it works correctly in accordance with current rules and regulations, and allows the fire to be localized in the shortest possible time. Design of a fire water supply system (FPP) is an important part of fire safety, which Alfa-Project specialists will handle professionally and on time. We will develop for you a high-quality and effective system that will work smoothly and reliably for you when you need it.

You can find out more detailed information about the development of a fire-fighting water supply project and the procedure for performing work by calling 211 11 22 , through the online form or send a request by email and we will contact you.

What is a fire water supply project?

For operational fire extinguishing, a large amount of water is required, which can only be provided by an efficiently operating internal fire-fighting water supply system. Fire water supply is a system of pipes and shut-off valves that allows access to water to extinguish a fire from any point inside a building. The main purpose of the fire water supply is to localize fires and prevent their development.

Features of fire-fighting water supply design

Fire water supply can be completely autonomous or connected to another utility network. Its calculation is made in accordance with the location and design features of the object.

Depending on the location, the fire-fighting water supply system is divided into external and internal:
• Design of external fire water supply system (Fire Pipeline) is a mandatory element of any settlement and is connected to a public water supply.
• Design of internal fire water supply (IFP) buildings and structures are usually multifunctional: utility and drinking water and internal fire protection. In most cases, internal fire water supply and automatic fire extinguishing systems must be separate. The internal fire-fighting water supply system (along with pipelines and fire hydrants) includes pumping units, shut-off and control valves, and manual fire call points.

In civil engineering, the design of a fire water supply is mandatory for residential buildings with a height of more than 12 floors, public and entertainment complexes, dormitories - regardless of the number of floors, administrative buildings - from 6 floors. In buildings up to 15 floors, the water supply system can be combined with the economic system; in higher ones it should be designed separately. At industrial facilities, fire-fighting water supply is provided for buildings with an area of ​​over 5000 m2. An exception may be objects with a high degree of fire resistance and those in which the use of water could cause an explosion or the spread of fire.

Design of fire safety water pipelines includes the following stages:
• Our specialists will inspect the building.
• They will draw up a block diagram that displays all the elements of the future system in relation to the layout of the facility.
• Our specialists will calculate the throughput, hydraulic resistance, length of pipes and their cross-sections for each branch.
• They will work out the power supply diagram.
• Draw diagrams and drawings.
• We will draw up a local estimate.
• We will transfer the finished documentation to the customer and assist in approval if necessary.

Composition of the PVV fire-fighting water supply project:

• Explanatory note indicating the type of equipment used;
• Hydraulic calculation of the entire fire water supply system;
• Schematic block diagram;
• Floor plans, which indicate the arrangement of equipment and fire cabinets;
• Pumping station plan (if necessary);
• Electrical part of the project;
• Specifications of materials and equipment.

List of initial data for developing the PPV project:

• Design assignment.
• SOPSU section. Scheme of planning organization of a land plot.
• AR section. Architectural and space-planning solutions.
• Subsection TX. Technological solutions (explanatory note only).
• VK subsection. Water supply and sewerage.

Regulatory documents for the fire-fighting water supply project:

• SNiP 2.04.01-85*. Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings;
• GOST 8220-85. Underground fire hydrants. Technical specifications;
• GOST R 51844-2009. Fire equipment. Fire cabinets. General technical requirements. Test methods;
• GOST R 12.4.026-2001. SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of use. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods.

Cost of designing a fire safety water supply system

Our specialists have extensive experience in designing fire safety water pipelines for residential and industrial complexes. Our systems are highly reliable, effectively cope with their tasks and fully comply with the fire safety class of the building. The cost of our services for designing the section of the fire protection water supply system has always been affordable. For each order, we find the most optimal technical solution that best fits the customer’s budget. The cost of designing a PV system and you can get answers to other questions by calling 211 11 22 at any time convenient for you, or with the help of