Female hormones during menopause. Do I need to take hormones during menopause? Why do hormonal changes occur during menopause?

Content

The extinction of the hormonal function of the ovaries leads to a change in the functioning of the entire organism, which adapts to work in new conditions. The level of sex hormones and the rate of decline of reproductive function determine the occurrence of symptoms during menopause.

Hormonal background during menopause

Translated from Greek, climax means stairs. This natural process seems to symbolize through stages the transition from the flourishing of the female body to its withering. Menopause is an age stage in a woman’s life at which childbearing gradually ends. Despite the fact that changes begin directly in the ovaries, which synthesize sex hormones, the entire body experiences estrogen deficiency. As a result, characteristic signs and symptoms appear that indicate a woman has entered menopause.

At birth, the female body has about three million eggs. The main sex hormones - estrogens - are synthesized in the ovarian follicular apparatus. After puberty, menstruation occurs. The menstrual cycle is regulated by several hormones produced by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries.

The menstrual cycle includes two phases. In the first phase of the cycle, the growth of several follicles, which are temporary hormonal structures, is observed. Only one follicle containing a healthy, viable egg goes through the full development cycle. By the end of the first phase, a mature egg emerges from the follicle, breaking its membrane. In place of the follicle, a cystic corpus luteum is formed that synthesizes progesterone.

The egg is ready for fertilization within 1-2 days. By this time, the inner layer of the uterus is also prepared for a possible pregnancy. Thanks to the influence of hormones in the first phase of the cycle, the inner layer of the uterus grows. This provides the necessary conditions for implantation and development of the fertilized egg. If pregnancy is not observed, the corpus luteum resolves, and the inner layer of the uterus is rejected under the influence of sex hormones of the second phase of the cycle. Thus, menstruation begins.

During ovulation, a small percentage of eggs are lost. A significant number of eggs undergo atresia. In particular, approximately 10,000 eggs remain before menopause. After the completion of menstrual function, single follicles are observed, which soon regress. The ovaries are shrinking.

Sex hormones, estrogens, synthesized in the ovaries, regulate the functioning of the entire woman’s body:

promote the absorption of phosphorus and calcium in the bones;
provide elasticity to the skin, healthy appearance of hair and nails;
are responsible for the formation of the female body type;
participate in metabolic processes and thermoregulation;
affect the cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine systems, gastrointestinal tract and musculoskeletal system.

During menopause, hormonal changes begin, which consist of a sharp drop in estrogen levels. At the same time, the level of FSH and LH rises many times to compensate for the estrogen deficiency. However, estrogen synthesis stops over time. This leads to various disturbances in the functioning of internal organs that adapt to new living conditions.

After the extinction of hormonal function, the level of estrogen is maintained by other tissues of a non-glandular nature. For example, estrogens can be synthesized by adipose tissue. The severity of symptoms during menopause directly depends on the level of estrogen and the rate of their reduction.

A decrease in the synthesis of sex hormones occurs in premenopause. This is the first phase of menopause, in which menstrual function is disrupted as a result of hormonal imbalance. Menstruation can become either scanty or heavy, and come earlier or later than expected. The cycle changes due to changes in the level of sex hormones. Gradually, internal organs begin to experience estrogen deficiency, which causes the first symptoms to appear:

headaches, dizziness, hypertension;
heart pain, tachycardia and palpitations;
hot flashes, accompanied by fever or chills, redness of the facial skin, sweating.

Premenopause prepares the body to stop producing sex hormones. The duration of the first phase of menopause is approximately 4-5 years. Women experience perimenopause differently. The starting point is considered to be the age of 45 years, since the exact time of onset of hormonal imbalance, indicating the onset of menopause, cannot be determined. In some women, due to hereditary predisposition, working and living conditions, menopause occurs earlier or later.

In 3-5% of women, early or late menopause is associated with a genetic predisposition. It has also been noted that menopause occurs earlier in women living in mountainous areas.

Women who smoke experience an early onset of menopause, which is a kind of prevention of uterine cancer. However, the risk of cervical cancer in this category of people is significantly higher.

Early menopause, occurring before age 40, may indicate premature ovarian failure syndrome. This is a serious pathology, which is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the synthesis of sex hormones during the functioning of a young body. A sharp hormonal imbalance causes severe symptoms in premenopause. In the total form, when not a single follicle is detected during the examination, restoration of reproductive function is impossible. The only way out is IVF with a donor egg. Sometimes early menopause is milder and spontaneous ovulation is observed. In this case, the prognosis is more favorable.

Late menopause should also alert both the attending physician and the woman herself. Often, the late onset of premenopause is associated with various hormone-dependent tumors, which can be malignant. In particular, endometrial cancer of the uterus ranks first among malignant tumors in women.

It is noteworthy that in women with a history of fibroids, menopause occurs late and has a milder course. This is due to the fact that the basis for the growth of this benign tumor is the active synthesis of estrogen.

A few years after the start of premenopause, menstrual function ends completely. This period is called menopause and includes the date of the last menstruation. Menopause continues for the next year and excludes bleeding in any quantity.

During menopause, symptoms associated with atrophy of the mucous membranes of the vagina and bladder come to the fore. Women are concerned about vaginal dryness during sexual intercourse, frequent recurrences of thrush, and painful frequent urination.

Postmenopause is considered the longest phase of menopause, as it lasts until the age of 69, after which the woman enters old age. During this period, symptoms are most pronounced. This is due to the complete lack of synthesis of estrogen hormones in the ovaries. The risk of developing atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease increases significantly.

During the premenopausal period, pregnancy is not excluded if ovulatory cycles persist. During menopause and postmenopause, any bleeding should normally be absent. Otherwise, you need to visit a doctor and undergo an examination. Bloody discharge may indicate the presence of dangerous pathologies, such as uterine cancer.

Often, the menopause phases are accompanied by various psychological disorders that are associated both with physiological reasons and with overestimation of oneself as a woman. In severe cases of menopause against the background of various pathologies, the occurrence of menopausal syndrome and neurosis may occur.

It has been proven that the body needs 8-10 years of adaptation to learn to function without sex hormones. This is why menopause lasts for many years and does not occur suddenly. An exception is premature ovarian failure syndrome, their surgical removal or damage to the follicular apparatus.

During menopause, various hormonal changes occur. Gynecologists emphasize that the main hormones regulating reproductive function are:

estrogens, mainly estradiol;
progesterone;

Each hormone performs its own function. It is known that estrogens have an amazing ability to self-convert. In tissues, estradiol can be transformed, for example, into estrone and vice versa.

After 35 years, estrogen production begins to gradually decline. Follicle reserves are depleted as they are irreplaceable. A girl is born with a certain number of eggs, which are wasted as the body functions, unlike male sperm.

By the age of forty, egg maturation occurs less frequently. This leads to disruption of the menstrual cycle, which becomes single-phase. After menopause, menstrual function stops.

Simultaneously with the reduction in estrogen synthesis, there is a decrease in progesterone levels. This sex hormone is responsible for prolonging pregnancy. This is why progesterone is also called the pregnancy hormone. Progesterone is also responsible for the renewal of epithelial layers. As progesterone levels drop, the endometrium begins to thin out, which also has a direct impact on the cessation of menstrual function.

Normal and abnormal ratio of female sex hormones during menopause

The normal functioning of the body is ensured by an adequate ratio of sex hormones. The main sex hormones are estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are in close interaction, since the production of one steroid is regulated by the production of another. During menopause, this mechanism is disrupted, which leads to the cessation of reproductive function.

Gynecologists call the following sex hormones that provide reproductive function.

Estrogens. All changes caused during menopause are caused by a physiological decrease in this sex hormone. Estrogens are also called hormones of youth and beauty. They regulate the activities of all organs and systems. A significant portion of estrogens is synthesized in the ovaries. After the ovaries stop producing hormones, adipose tissue and the adrenal glands are responsible for their production. The norm of estradiol during menopause is 11-95 pg/ml. With a significant increase in estrogen during menopause, tumors, cystic lesions of the ovaries, and cirrhosis of the liver are possible. A low level of the hormone estradiol indicates a decrease in the functioning of the ovaries and an increase in the concentration of prolactin.
Progesterone. There is a decrease in progesterone production during menopause, which also provokes hormonal imbalance.
FSH. This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland. In the reproductive cycle, the maximum concentration of FSH is observed in the first phase. This phenomenon occurs to stimulate estrogen production. An FSH level of more than 30 IU/l indicates that menopause is approaching.
LG. This hormone is involved in the process of egg maturation. In different phases of the cycle, different LH levels are observed. Normal LH levels are 29.7-43.9 mU/l. Pituitary tumors, PCOS and renal failure are indicated by LH levels exceeding FSH.

Causes and signs of hormonal imbalance

falling asleep and waking up;
thirst and hunger;
fear and pleasure.

A decrease in estrogen and progesterone causes a corresponding reaction in the hypothalamus. It tries to stimulate the functioning of the ovaries by increasing the synthesis of FSH. As a result of hormonal imbalance, hot flashes, sweating, weakness, and rapid heartbeat appear.

Changes in hormonal levels lead to vegetative manifestations:

unexplained anxiety;
mood swings;
increased fatigue;
insomnia.

Deficiency of sex hormones negatively affects mineral metabolism. Hormonal imbalance leads to decreased tissue strength, osteoporosis, and deterioration of dental health. Osteoporosis has no specific symptoms. Over time, a woman may notice a decrease in height and a change in posture. The first warning sign is frequent fractures. The most serious complication of osteoporosis is a fracture of the femoral neck, leading to disability.

The mammary and thyroid glands respond to hormonal changes. Often during menopause mastopathy occurs. When there is a lack of thyroid hormones, hypothyroidism develops. Pathologies of the thyroid gland are manifested:

irritability;
depression;
memory impairment;
obesity or weight loss;
baldness;
trembling hands and feet;
increased fatigue.

One of the manifestations of estrogen deficiency is vaginal dryness and decreased libido. These signs negatively affect the quality of sexual life.

Often during menopause hypertension and tachycardia develop. If carbohydrate metabolism is disrupted, diabetes mellitus may occur. The appearance of obesity is often noted.

Consequences

Hormonal disruption during menopause is inevitable, as it is associated with the natural processes of extinction of the synthesis of sex hormones. In the absence of serious somatic pathologies, menopause occurs with minor discomfort. In the pathological course of menopause, pronounced symptoms are observed, which not only significantly worsen a woman’s quality of life, but also indicate the development of dangerous pathologies.

With pronounced signs of pathological menopause, a woman needs treatment from an appropriate specialist. Ignoring warning signs can lead to serious consequences. If left untreated, pathological menopause can lead to menopausal neurosis. That is why women with menopause need to visit a doctor in a timely manner and take care of their health.

Diagnostics

Hormonal levels react to various external and internal factors. Therefore, in order to obtain reliable examination results, it is necessary to follow certain rules:

donate blood for hormones strictly on an empty stomach in the morning;
immediately before diagnosis, it is prohibited to take hormonal drugs;
before taking the test, physical activity and sexual intercourse should be excluded;
on the eve of the examination, it is undesirable to consume strong tea, coffee and alcoholic beverages;
Smoking and stress can affect test results.

Analysis of results carried out after a series of hormonal studies. Only after taking blood tests for hormones in different phases of the cycle can conclusions be drawn about the severity of hormonal imbalance.

Hormone therapy

Hormone replacement therapy is often prescribed to women during menopause and menopause in general. There are factors that determine the effectiveness of hormonal treatment:

timely prescription of hormones and their withdrawal;
use of small doses of hormones;
selection of hormonal drugs after examination;
predominant use of natural sex hormones;
regular intake;
taking into account indications and contraindications.

Benefits and harms

There are many myths about the use of hormone replacement therapy. In particular, many patients believe that hormone therapy is unnatural. In fact, often disorders that occur during menopause require taking hormonal medications.

Modern hormonal drugs are natural and well absorbed by the body. It is also a mistake to believe that hormonal treatment causes obesity. Hormonal drugs are not addictive; they help the body compensate for the lack of its own sex hormones.

Hormonal medications prevent the growth of unwanted body hair. Tablet medications may have adverse effects. That is why women are prescribed minimal doses. In addition, hormones can be taken in various dosage forms.

Correctly selected hormonal therapy reduces the risk of developing malignant tumors. However, hormone replacement therapy is discontinued after age 60, as it may contribute to the development of certain forms of cancer.

HRT is prescribed for both treatment and prevention purposes. In particular, taking hormonal medications can prevent mental disorders, osteoporosis, hypertension, and atherosclerosis.

Incorrectly selected hormonal therapy can be harmful to health. The following side effects are identified when taking hormones;

mastopathy;
increased risk of developing breast cancer;
anovulation;
the appearance of benign uterine tumors;
emotional instability;
swelling;
the possibility of cholelithiasis and stroke;
uterine hyperplasia and bleeding;
bloody issues;
lumps in the mammary glands;
flatulence;
excess weight gain with monotherapy.

Usually hormone therapy is a complex intake of estrogen and progesterone. Monotherapy is carried out after removal of the uterus.

Indications and contraindications

Hormone therapy is indicated in the following cases:

pathological course of menopause;
early menopause;
concomitant pathologies during menopause, for example, hypertension, osteoporosis;
improving the quality of life, including sexual life.

Contraindications to taking hormones are:

cancer of the reproductive system;
bleeding;
tendency to thrombosis;
stroke and heart attack;
severe hypertension;
liver damage;
individual intolerance;
severe varicose veins;
autoimmune diseases.

Relative contraindications to the use of hormone replacement therapy are:

uterine fibroids;
endometriosis;
migraine and epilepsy;
gallstone pathology;
precancerous conditions of the mammary glands and uterus.

Taking hormonal medications has an alternative in the form of phytoestrogens and medicinal herbs. Many medicinal plants are officially recognized by medicine and are effectively used for the treatment and prevention of menopausal disorders. Phytoestrogens and medicinal herbs have a minimum of contraindications and have a gentle effect on the female body.

Drug names

Gynecologists in medical practice for menopause use the following combined hormonal preparations containing estrogen and progesterone:

Klimonorm;
Klymen;
Angelique;
Femoston;
Divina;
Cyclo-Proginova;
Esterlan;
Estrimax;
Ovestin;
Ovipol Clio;
Estral.

Estrogen drugs:

Divigel;
Dermestril;
Octodiol;
Proginova;
Klimara.

Preparations with progesterone:

Utrozhestan;
Duphaston;
Norkolut;
Progestogel;
Mirena intrauterine device.

The choice of medications is made by the doctor, guided by examination data and taking into account the menopause phase and the patient’s condition. Independent selection of drugs for hormone therapy is strictly prohibited.

Minasyan Margarita

It's no secret that during menopause a number of changes occur in a woman's body, including at the hormonal level. But few people know for certain what changes female hormones undergo during menopause. Remembering the ancient Latin statement “Forewarned is forearmed,” one should draw the appropriate conclusion: obtaining reliable information about upcoming changes will allow you to correctly respond to their onset.

Let's talk about the main female sex hormones, their role in the life of the body and the metamorphoses that occur during menopause in this invisible, but no less real, sphere.

What happens to hormones during menopause?

From approximately 35 to 40 years old, those very first profound changes begin in the female body, the final result of which is the completion of the reproductive function. These changes do not occur overnight - nature provides for a gradual entry into menopause. Sometimes a whole decade passes from the beginning of menopausal changes to their end. And throughout this time, a woman’s hormonal system undergoes a whole complex of transformations.

The main sex hormones that regulate the activity of the body's reproductive system throughout life are: estrogens (primarily estradiol), progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Each of them performs its own important and irreplaceable function.

From the age of 35, the production of estrogen in a woman’s ovaries gradually decreases. This is explained by the gradual depletion of the supply of follicles, the number of which is established from birth and is not replenished throughout the entire life cycle. Gradually, the maturation of eggs inside the follicles occurs less and less. The whole complex of these processes leads first to a disruption of the menstrual cycle, and then to a complete cessation of monthly bleeding.

In parallel with the decrease in estrogen concentration, there is also a decrease in the production of progesterone, another important hormone for the female body. It is responsible for maintaining pregnancy during reproductive age, as well as for renewing epithelial layers. Accordingly, a reduction in the amount of this substance gradually causes thinning of the endometrium, which is also one of the conditions for stopping menstruation.

How does the body react to hormonal imbalance?

It is important to know that hormonal changes affect not only the reproductive system, but also almost the entire body.

For example, there are malfunctions in the functioning of the hypothalamus. This part of the brain is responsible for regulating all the basic processes in the human body, in particular, the mechanisms of falling asleep and waking up, hunger and thirst, fear and pleasure.
A decrease in progesterone levels causes a response from the hypothalamus - by increasing the production of follicle-stimulating hormone, it tries to stimulate the ovaries to synthesize the missing hormone. It is malfunctions in the functioning of this part of the brain that explain the presence of hot flashes. For some reason, normal body temperature begins to be perceived by him as elevated, which is supported by corresponding reactions: sweating, weakness, rapid heartbeat.
The autonomic nervous system is one of the first to respond to changes in hormonal levels. This is manifested by a decrease in the adaptive properties of the psyche to external stimuli. For example, inexplicable anxiety, mood swings, increased fatigue, and other troubles.
Lack of estrogen adversely affects mineral metabolism. As it progresses, hormonal imbalance provokes a decrease in the strength of bone tissue and deterioration of the teeth.
The thyroid gland can react extremely acutely to changes in hormone levels. Often a woman develops hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. External signs of trouble in the functioning of this organ are manifested by increased irritability, depression, memory loss, weight gain or, conversely, rapid weight loss, deterioration of the skin and tremors in the limbs, increased fatigue.
Lack of hormones also causes dry mucous membranes, including in the intimate area. It also affects the intensity of sexual desire.
Hormonal imbalance is a serious stress for the functioning of the adrenal glands. Against the background of menopause, women often develop hypertension, develop cardiac disorders, and lose the ability to control their emotional state.
Endocrine disorders are also common during menopause. Often it is at this time that women experience a disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism, which leads to the development of diabetes mellitus. In addition, problems with excess weight often appear.

The main female sex hormones: normal and abnormalities during menopause

For optimal functioning of the body, it is necessary to maintain certain quantitative proportions at the hormonal level. The main stimulants of the reproductive system are estrogens and progesterones. Their action is based on the principle of counterbalance, that is, the production of one type of hormone is regulated by the production of another. During the period of menopausal transformations, this mechanism is disrupted, which leads to the complete cessation of the reproductive functions of the female body.

Estrogen

Almost all changes during menopause are explained by a decrease in the production of the main female sex hormones - estrogens (in particular, estradiol), which are also called hormones of youth and beauty. Due to the lack of this hormone, the aging process of the skin begins, wrinkles appear, and is also a clear indicator of the presence of such a disorder.

Estrogens affect the activity of almost all organs and systems of the body. Throughout reproductive life, more of them are synthesized in the ovaries. With the onset of menopause, this process stops, and the production of the most important hormones is transferred to the peripheral systems - adipose tissue and adrenal glands.

If we talk about quantitative indicators of estradiol (the most significant type of estrogen), then its norm in women during menopause changes ranges from 11 to 95 pg/ml. However, drawing conclusions only on the basis of these indicators is quite problematic; it should be borne in mind that the estradiol norm may be violated by the influence of additional factors, such as the woman’s age, the duration of menopausal changes, and the level of concentration of other types of hormones.

If estrogens are elevated during menopause, this may indicate tumors and cystic lesions of the ovaries, cirrhosis of the liver, as well as the use of oral contraceptives. Low levels indicate a decrease in ovarian function, an increase in the level of prolactin in the blood, and this phenomenon is also characteristic of vegetarianism.

Progisterone

Progesterone also begins to be produced in smaller quantities during menopause. This is another reason that provokes hormonal imbalance. It is thanks to this type of hormone that pregnancy is maintained, and the process of natural renewal of the endometrium through menstruation is also launched.

FSH

Follicle-stimulating hormone is produced in the pituitary gland. During childbearing age, its maximum concentration is usually recorded in the first phase of the cycle. As menopause progresses, FSH levels increase significantly. This occurs due to the fact that the pituitary gland tries to stimulate the ovaries by increasing the release of this hormone. When the level exceeds 30 IU/l, we can confidently speak about the approach of menopause. If the indicator falls within the range of 10-12 IU/l, then this indicates a complete “switching off” of the ovaries.

LH

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a direct participant in the process of egg maturation. Its amount also differs in different phases of the cycle. It reaches its highest levels during ovulation. With the onset of menopausal changes, tests show increased concentrations of LH. Its norm at this time varies from 29.7 to 43.9 mIU/l. If the amount of LH is higher than FSH, then this may indicate the presence of certain pathologies, in particular, pituitary tumors, polycystic ovary syndrome, and renal failure.

Rules for conducting hormonal studies in menopausal women

The hormonal background is a finely organized structure. And many factors can influence changes in the ratio of hormones, so to carry out a reliable diagnosis it is necessary to adhere to a number of rules:

The blood sample should be taken on an empty stomach, and it is advisable that at least 8 hours have passed since the last meal;
before the study, you should not take hormonal medications, otherwise the results will be erroneous;
to obtain reliable results the day before, you should refrain from excessive physical activity, including sexual contact;
It is undesirable to drink coffee, strong tea, or drink alcoholic beverages. It is also advisable to avoid smoking;
It is better to refrain from taking tests after experiencing stress;
In order to draw conclusions about the state of hormonal levels, blood is taken several times (at different phases of the cycle), and based on the overall dynamics, conclusions are drawn about how severe the hormonal imbalance is.

Treatment of hormonal disorders during menopause

It would be a mistake to associate the onset of menopause with illness, but in some cases, hormones during menopause undergo such significant quantitative fluctuations that a woman’s condition sharply worsens against this background. In such cases, it is impossible to do without the use of special medications that help mitigate the effects of hormonal imbalance. In this case, treatment can be carried out both with the help of artificial hormones and with the help of plant analogues of estrogens.

Treatment with phytoestrogens

If the symptoms of menopause do not pose a significant threat to a woman’s health, then it is best to start therapy with drugs based on phytoestrogens. Such products contain substances similar in composition and action to hormones produced by the ovaries. The advantage of this treatment option is the gentle elimination of estradiol deficiency in women and the absence of unpleasant consequences. The disadvantage is the need for long-term use, which is not always possible; for example, such a delay in case of dysfunctional uterine bleeding can be dangerous. The most popular among women experiencing menopause are: Klimadinon, Qi-Klim, Mense, Menopace, Estrovel, Remens, Klimaktoplan.

Treatment with synthetic hormones

In cases where a woman’s condition worsens significantly and is accompanied, for example, by severe cardiovascular pathologies, excessively intense and frequent hot flashes, the use of hormone replacement therapy is inevitable. The most preferable is to take low-dose drugs in which the amount of estrogen does not exceed 35 mcg. Such drugs are much less likely to cause side effects. However, it should be remembered that taking hormones during menopause for a long time (longer than 2-3 years) is dangerous, since prolonged use significantly increases the risk of developing undesirable consequences. The use of HRT is often associated with the initiation of oncological processes.

The natural process of attenuation of reproductive function in every woman is associated with a decrease in the amount of hormones produced in the body. For each representative of the fair sex, such hormonal changes are accompanied by various symptoms, but in any case there is a deterioration in the general condition and an exacerbation of pre-existing chronic diseases. Since the level of hormones changes significantly during menopause, the easiest way to make sure that menopause has really begun is by taking the appropriate tests.

In this article, we will describe exactly what hormones a woman needs to take for tests during menopause in order to verify its onset and select the appropriate medications to alleviate the symptoms of this period.

Why get tested?

All problems by the age of 50 are associated exclusively with hormonal disorders caused by the decline of the reproductive function of the female body. But the absence of menstruation is not always a sign of the onset of menopause; in order to determine the cause of one or another symptom, it is necessary to monitor the level of sex hormones in the blood. Women during menopause have precise norms, by comparing them with research results, appropriate conclusions can be drawn.

Based on the results of hormone tests, a gynecologist can prescribe hormone replacement therapy and thereby significantly alleviate the symptoms of menopause for a woman.

When is laboratory diagnostics necessary?

Laboratory diagnostics should be carried out at the stage when the symptoms of menopause are not clearly expressed, but the first changes in the functioning of the body have already begun. Hormone tests during menopause can provide all the information about these changes.

You should go to a gynecologist and get tested for female hormones during menopause if the following symptoms appear:

unexpected bleeding from the uterus;
severe joint pain;
dizziness, general weakness and headaches;
abnormal vaginal discharge;
and increased sweating.

What changes occur in the production of hormones

For each woman, her own personal level of progesterone, estradiol, prolactin and other hormones is normal, and hormonal imbalance is accompanied by a significant deviation from their normal value.

Female hormones during menopause, or rather changes in their levels, lead to the following changes in the body:

decreased testosterone leads to the accumulation of fat in the chest and abdomen, as well as decreased bone density. The normal level of this hormone in the blood is 70 ng/dl; during menopause, the level drops to 40 ng/dl;
estradiol during menopause can fluctuate in the range of 9.7-82 pg/ml;
Progesterone level allows you to assess the condition of the uterus. Its norm is 0.64 nmol/l. Problems with the production of progesterone lead to disruptions in the menstrual cycle;
Prolactin decreases significantly during menopause, but changes in the level of this hormone do not have any special symptoms. Its norm at this time should be 25-400 mU/l. Prolactin levels decrease annually;
the level of LH and FSH with the onset of menopause increases 5-fold and is about 40 mIU/ml.

The body's response to hormonal changes

The most important process in the female body is metabolism, which is controlled by hormones. Various systems of the body take part in it, but its main task is to supply nutrients to various tissues, which ensures the normal functioning of the entire organism as a whole.

During menopause, hormonal levels change significantly, and these changes primarily negatively affect metabolism. Depending on the individual characteristics of the female body, signs of these changes may appear more or less pronounced, but almost every woman will experience the following body reactions:

The level of female sex hormones decreases, and this affects not only the ability to conceive a child, but also the activity of the brain. The work schedule of some of its areas changes, and in particular the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, which take part in the production of sex hormones. Due to changes in the circulatory system of the upper body, there may be hot flashes in the face, neck and décolleté, dizziness, nausea, and sudden changes in pressure;
the balance of minerals in the body is also disturbed, which entails a decrease in the density of bone tissue and teeth;
a reduced amount of hormones during menopause leads to problems with the thyroid gland, the production of thyroxine, which increases anxiety and increases the heart rate, is no longer suppressed;
sex hormones are also responsible for the normal functioning of the adrenal glands; during menopause, hormonal disorders lead to malfunctions of this organ and, as a result, cause increased blood pressure and heart pain;
hormonal changes also affect the functioning of the central nervous system, causing unreasonable fears, irritability, tearfulness and mood swings.

What tests need to be taken

Now let's look at what tests a woman needs to undergo during menopause:

on the level of FSH in the blood. With the advent of menopause, the value of hormones produced by the ovaries decreases, and FSH increases. This analysis allows us to determine the presence of disturbances in the synthesis of estrogen;
on estradiol levels. If the result is greatly reduced and differs significantly from the norm, then this not only may indicate the onset of menopause, but also means that there is a high risk of complications at this stage (osteoporosis, atherosclerosis may develop);
to the LH level. If menopause has entered the active phase, the content of this hormone increases;
to progesterone. Its content in the blood gradually decreases. And during the first 2-3 years of menopause, this hormone may be completely absent in a woman’s body.

Hormone levels - interpretation of tests

If a woman does not move in medical circles, then test results will be an ordinary set of numbers and icons for her, especially if she has undergone many studies and has accumulated a whole stack of such printouts. It is best to consult a doctor for interpretation, but you can first assess whether this or that indicator is normal at home. You still cannot do without a visit to the doctor, because only a specialist can prescribe adequate treatment based on the test results.

For various hormones, the norm for women during menopause will be as follows:

Prolactin should normally be 107-290 mcg/l;
thyroid-stimulating substance, the norm will be 0.2-3.2 mIU/l, the value should not change much over time;
follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH level should be 24-84 units, while the FSH norm is 54 units with a permissible fluctuation of 30 units. round trip;
luteinizing hormone - on average, its level should be 43 units. with a permissible deviation of 30 units in both directions;
Progesterone during menopause is quite difficult to determine. At this time, progesterone decreases to 1 nM/l;
The intensity of symptoms during this period depends on the level of estrogen during menopause, so the doctor must prescribe an estradiol test. The permissible norm of estradiol in women during menopause is 8-82 units. The lower the value, the brighter the signs of menopause. If estradiol during menopause is above 82 units, this can accelerate the development of benign formations, kidney failure and provoke general fatigue.

The LH/FSH ratio is also quite informative for a specialist. This indicator is measured as a percentage and during menopause the value of the ratio of FSH and LH should be in the range of 0.35-0.75 units. The lower the value, the more severe the symptoms.

This is an approximate transcript of the tests; only a doctor can read the results accurately.

When are tests taken?

A woman’s menstrual cycle is closely related to the level of sex hormones in her body, so you need to clearly know on what day you can take a particular blood test for hormones:

for FSH, LH is given on the 4-5th day of the cycle;
estradiol is taken on days 19-22 of the cycle;
for progesterone - on days 18-21 of the cycle.

Rules for taking tests

To ensure that the results of hormone tests taken during menopause are as accurate as possible, you must follow the following rules:

go to change hungry;
the day before the collection, you should not overwork and subject your body to heavy physical activity;
one day before the test, you should not smoke or drink alcohol, or have sex;
avoid stress and any emotional shock;
a couple of days before the test, you need to stop taking hormonal medications prescribed earlier. The exact date of discontinuation should be discussed with your doctor;
if it is necessary to check the level of hormones over time, then the test should be taken in the same laboratory so that the same reagents and methods are used.

What does an increase and decrease in estradiol mean?

The most “influential” group of hormones in the female body are estrogens, in particular estradiol. They are the ones who contribute to the development of the reproductive system in adolescence, support its functioning throughout a woman’s life, and are responsible for the cyclical processes in the reproductive organs. Along with the symptoms caused by menopause, signs of an acute lack of estrogen in the body appear:

the skin dries out, becomes thinner and wrinkles appear. In a short period, the number of blemishes on the skin can sharply increase, papillomas, moles, peeling, and microcracks appear;
Blood pressure surges, headaches appear, blood vessels spasm, causing impaired coordination of movement and nausea. Hot flashes occur especially at night;
brain function deteriorates, which causes poor memory, fatigue and decreased performance;
due to a lack of estrogen, the absorption of calcium by the body is impaired and its rapid leaching is observed, bones become more fragile;
heart rate accelerates.

During menopause, it is very important to know the level of estradiol in the blood, since a significant decrease in it increases the symptoms of menopause. This hormone is produced by the ovaries and follicles, and to a lesser extent by adipose tissue. With the decline of ovarian function, the body tries to replenish estradiol reserves by increasing the fat layer capable of producing it. This causes an increase in a woman’s body weight during menopause. There are other signs of decreased estradiol:

a feeling of dryness in the vagina and discomfort, since this hormone is responsible for the secretion of mucus by the cervix and vaginal walls;
the breasts sag and become flabby;
libido decreases;
the level of cholesterol in the blood drops and it becomes more viscous;
fluid leaves the body faster, this manifests itself in increased sweating and frequent urination;
the process of tissue restoration is reduced;
The woman’s emotional state worsens; inappropriate reactions to what is happening, sudden mood swings and unpredictable behavior may occur.

During menopause, the normal level of estradiol in the blood is considered to be no more than 82 pg/ml. If the test result is higher, it means that there are factors in the body that provoke an increase in estradiol. These may include the following pathologies:

malignant neoplasms and cysts:
myomatous nodes;
disruption of the thyroid gland;
liver pathologies;
mammary cancer.

Symptoms of high estradiol levels may include the following:

swelling;
baldness;
general weakness;
problems with digestion and absorption of food;
sleep problems;
pain in the mammary glands;
gynecological bleeding.

If the value of estradiol is too low, replacement therapy can be carried out, since a decrease in the level to 6-9 pg/mg leads to an exacerbation of menopausal symptoms and a general deterioration in the woman’s health.

If you let all the changes in the body during menopause take their course, you can develop problems not only in the sexual sphere, but also pathologies of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, as well as accelerate the development of cancer. Combining medical care with proper nutrition, an active and healthy lifestyle, you can significantly slow down and delay the withering of the female body and improve the quality of life in general.

The reason for itching and burning during menopause is a decrease in estrogen levels. A low concentration of this hormone in the blood negatively affects the condition of the mucous membrane of the genital organs. Its blood circulation worsens, the processes of regeneration of damaged cells slow down. The mucous membrane becomes thinner and atrophies.

The glands that produce mucus do not work actively enough, which causes dryness. The consequence of this is an increase in acidity in the vagina and a change in the composition of the microflora. The development of opportunistic microorganisms leads to inflammation of the thinned vaginal mucosa - atrophic vaginitis. Itching and burning are the first manifestations of this disease.

How to reduce itching and burning during menopause?

Avoid using scented panty liners and toilet paper.
For intimate hygiene, use only water, avoid soap and intimate gels saturated with aromatic additives.
For washing underwear, soap without additives or hypoallergenic powder intended for newborns is suitable. Rinse aids and other additional laundry detergents are not recommended.
Don't give up on your intimate life. Regular sex normalizes the condition of the vaginal mucosa. To reduce discomfort, you can use lubricants and mucous moisturizers.
Consume at least 1.5 liters of fluid per day. A simple lack of water can also cause dry mucous membranes.
Enrich your diet with healthy fats. Estrogen production requires fatty acids, so include fatty fish, dairy products, nuts and seeds, and vegetable oils in your diet.
Hormone replacement therapy helps restore normal estrogen concentrations and eliminate all symptoms of menopause, including discomfort in the genitals.

What are the first symptoms of menopause after forty?

Menopause or menopause is an inevitable period in the life of every woman. But for some, its symptoms appear a little earlier than for others. Women can feel the first symptoms of menopause after their 40s.

The first symptoms of menopause after 40 years are:

Changes in the menstrual cycle. For most women, monthly bleeding becomes less heavy and can last up to 7 days. The intervals between them are lengthening: instead of 25 days, they can increase to 35-40. Some women, on the contrary, suffer from frequently recurring uterine bleeding.
Excessive sweating may accompany hot flashes or be an independent symptom associated with changes in hormonal balance.
Tides- redness of the skin of the face, neck and chest, accompanied by a wave of heat and increased sweating. The attack most often occurs in the afternoon and lasts 1-5 minutes. This phenomenon is experienced by 70% of menopausal women. The appearance of hot flashes is explained by the reaction of the thermoregulation center to a decrease in estrogen levels.
Headache usually associated with tension in the nervous system, which is caused by a decrease in the level of female hormones. In this regard, the facial muscles of the face and neck tense and spasm. This leads to pinching of sensitive nerve roots and, in addition, disrupts the outflow of venous blood from the skull. The increase explains periodic headaches and migraine attacks.
Forgetfulness and absent-mindedness. Changes in hormonal levels lead to a decrease in the release of mediators that ensure communication between neurons. As a result, women note a slight decrease in attention and memory impairment.
Mood swings. Sharp changes in hormone levels affect the nerve cells of the limbic system of the brain, while the production of endorphins - “hormones of happiness” - decreases. This is associated with the occurrence of depression, tearfulness and irritability.

Cardiopalmus- the result of hormonal stimulation of the autonomic nervous system.
Dryness of the vaginal mucosa. The condition of a woman's genital organs is closely related to the level of estrogen. Their deficiency slows down all processes in the mucous membrane, including the production of vaginal secretions.
Frequent urination. Sex hormones are responsible for the tone of the bladder and the condition of its sphincters. Therefore, as menopause approaches, women note that the urge to urinate has become more frequent. Also, with age, the pelvic floor muscles, on which the functioning of the bladder depends, weaken. Weakness of the sphincter leads to the fact that when coughing, sneezing, laughing, a small amount of urine may be involuntarily released.
Decreased sexual desire to a sexual partner. A woman's sexual activity directly depends on the level of hormones secreted by the ovaries, therefore, as menopause approaches, it decreases.

It is believed that 1-2 years pass from the onset of these symptoms to the last menstruation.

Menstruation during menopause

Menstruation does not disappear overnight during menopause; the last menstruation is preceded by a number of changes that can alarm a woman. During premenopause, bleeding from the genital tract becomes irregular; this condition can last 1-2 years.

The following changes are considered normal:

The menstrual cycle either lengthens or shortens.
The volume of bleeding may increase or decrease.
Menstruation is absent for 1-2 months, and then resumes again.

When to see a doctor

Heavy menstrual bleeding. There is a need to change the gasket every hour or more often.
Discharge of blood from the vagina after sexual intercourse.
The appearance of blood clots on the pad.
Bloody discharge between periods.
The duration of bleeding increased by 3 days. This is observed over several cycles.
Some menstrual cycles are shorter than 21 days.
Lack of menstruation for 3 months.

Is it possible to get pregnant during menopause?

Menopause is a long process, consisting of several stages, which can last from 2 to 8 years. The answer to the question: “is it possible to get pregnant during menopause?” depends on the stage the woman is at. As long as sex hormones provoke the maturation of the follicle in the ovaries, pregnancy is possible. Fertilization can occur even if menstrual bleeding becomes irregular or stops for several months.

Unfortunately, it often happens that after turning to a gynecologist about the absence of menstruation, 45-year-old women are surprised to learn that this is not menopause, but pregnancy. To avoid this situation, it is necessary to use protection for 2 years after the last menstruation. Subsequently, the woman enters the postmenopausal period, when, due to changes in the body, pregnancy is no longer possible.

It is difficult to say at what age a woman loses her ability to reproduce. Many cases have been described in which women over 55 years of age became mothers naturally. This was despite the fact that they had early symptoms of menopause. There are even more people who managed to get pregnant at this age after stimulating the ovaries with hormonal therapy. However, statistics say that such mothers have a significantly increased chance of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome - the risk is 1:10.

To summarize: a woman can become pregnant during menopause, but this is associated with risks to the health of both mother and child.

How to stop menopause

Menopause is a natural period in a woman's life. Although menopause is associated with experiences and unpleasant symptoms, it still performs a protective function - in this way nature took care of the woman, depriving her of the opportunity to become pregnant. After all, carrying a child into adulthood can cause serious harm to women's health.

You can't stop menopause. Even hormone therapy cannot do this. It is only intended to maintain normal health when the natural production of sex hormones in the body decreases. The same can be said about phytohormones contained in medicinal plants and homeopathic remedies. Taking them can improve a woman’s condition, but will not cancel menopause.

The moment of menopause largely depends on heredity, and it is impossible to change the program embedded in the genes. If the mother had an early menopause, then most likely her daughter will face the same fate.

The only thing you can do is not to bring menopause closer with your wrong actions. The functioning of the glands that synthesize sex hormones largely depends on lifestyle and bad habits. For example, women who smoke enter menopause 2 years earlier than their peers. Based on this, gynecologists have developed tips that will help delay the onset of menopause.

Do not drink alcohol or drugs, do not smoke.
Lead an active lifestyle and play sports.
Have regular sex life.
Eat properly . The menu should include fresh vegetables and fruits daily, as well as sources of essential fatty acids: fish, nuts and seeds, oils.
Live in an ecologically clean area.
Take complexes of vitamins and minerals.
Avoid stressful situations.
Strengthen immunity.

If you suffer from unpleasant symptoms of menopause, then contact a gynecologist-endocrinologist. He will select replacement therapy that will relieve the symptoms of menopause and slow down the aging process.

How to relieve menopause

Hormone replacement therapy for menopause

The doctor individually selects hormonal drugs based on the results of ultrasound and tests. You should not take the products that were recommended to your friends. Incorrect dosage of hormones can cause weight gain and uterine bleeding. At the same time, you should not refuse the treatment prescribed by the doctor. After all, a lack of female hormones can lead to hair loss, brittle bones and male-type obesity, as well as atherosclerosis and its consequences - heart attack and stroke.

Used as hormone replacement therapy combination drugs: estrogen + progesterone (designed to protect the endometrium of the uterus):

Divisek;
Individual;
Premarin;
Pauzogest;
Tibolone;
Klimonorm.

The drugs are taken 1 tablet 1 time per day at the same time. Duration of treatment is 1-2 years. Some pharmaceutical companies produce hormonal drugs in the form of a patch: Klimara.

If a woman has had her uterus removed, then they take estrogen-based drugs.

Estrovel;
Cohosh.

Attention! There are a number of contraindications for prescribing hormone replacement therapy during menopause, so before you start using the drugs, you need to be examined. Absolute contraindications are:

Enalozide;
Enalapril;
Arifon retard;
Kapoten.

Sedatives herbal preparations:

Valerian tincture;
Motherwort tincture;
Phytosed.

Daily regime

Active recreation and sports. Physical activity improves blood circulation and metabolic processes in tissues, and also serves as a prevention of osteoporosis.
Healthy sleep normalizes the functioning of the nervous system and improves skin condition.

Diet

Eat frequent small meals 4-5 times a day.
Drinking regime. 1.5-2 liters of water will improve the condition of the skin and mucous membranes.
Foods rich in calcium will prevent osteoporosis, hair loss and brittle nails.
Vegetables and fruits are a source of fiber. They will relieve constipation, which can lead to prolapse of the uterus. They also contain antioxidants that slow down the aging of the skin and the cardiovascular system.
Vegetable and animal fats in moderate quantities are necessary for the synthesis of hormones.

What folk remedies can be used for hot flashes during menopause?

Some medicinal herbs contain phytoestrogens - substances similar to female sex hormones. Their consumption can compensate for estrogen deficiency and reduce the frequency of hot flashes.

Sage tea. 2 tablespoons of dry crushed sage herb are poured into 400 ml of boiling water. Leave for 30 minutes. The infusion is filtered and consumed throughout the day in small portions, preferably on an empty stomach. The course of treatment is 14 days. During the season, doctors recommend adding fresh sage leaves to salads and main courses.

Hawthorn infusion. Pour a tablespoon of dried blood-red hawthorn flowers into a glass of hot water. Leave in a water bath for 15 minutes. Leave for 20 minutes, then strain. Bring boiled water to the original volume. Consume half an hour before meals, ½ glass 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 21 days.

Herbal tea for menopause

Linden flowers;
Peppermint leaves;
Fennel fruit;
Wormwood grass;
Buckthorn bark.

Mix the dried and crushed ingredients in equal proportions. 2 tbsp. pour 0.5 liters of boiling water over the mixture. Warm in a water bath for 15 minutes. Let it brew for 45 minutes, then strain. Drink one glass in the morning and evening before meals for 3 weeks. Then take a break for 7 days and repeat the treatment.

Replace tea and coffee with decoctions of chamomile, lemon balm or linden. These herbs do not contain caffeine, so they do not raise blood pressure, which can cause hot flashes.

Many representatives of the fair half of humanity, who are on the verge of menopausal restructuring of the body, ask the following questions: “What is called postmenopause, when to expect it, and also, what is hormone replacement therapy in postmenopause, and how can it help alleviate overall well-being?” In this review we will take a closer look at the answers to these questions.

An inevitable process occurring in the female body is the onset of menopause, associated with the end of the body’s reproductive capacity and a gradual decrease in the secretion of sex hormones.

Most mature women compare the onset of menopause with the onset of old age. But this is partly not true, because the entire duration of the menopausal period can be up to 15 years with gradual changes and increasing menopausal symptoms.

With timely detection of the onset of menopause and taking the necessary medications, as well as correct adjustments to the diet, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in menopausal symptoms and prevent the development of many pathological processes.

The entire menopausal period is divided into three main phases:

Premenopause.
Menopause.
Postmenopause.

What happens to a woman after menopause?

Postmenopause is the final stage of the menopause. It occurs a year after menopause, that is, after the last menstrual cycle in a woman’s life. If no more periods appear during the year, then this entire period and subsequent stages of a woman’s life until the end of menopause are considered postmenopause.

The reason for the onset of postmenopause lies in the physiological characteristics of the structure and functioning of the female reproductive system of the body, the functionality of which is supported by a certain level of hormones produced by the pituitary gland, ovaries and adrenal glands. With age, this organ system begins to gradually lose its resources, and the level of production of necessary hormones begins to decrease.

Basically, age-related changes affect the ovaries. It is in them that the resources of the eggs run out, and the production of estriol and progesterone decreases, which leads to an increase in the level of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. And this, in turn, leads to the cessation of the ability of the reproductive system of the female body to renew the mucous surfaces of the uterine cavity.

In the initial stages of menopause, the menstrual cycle begins to undergo changes. That is, the nature of menstruation changes (they become scantier or more intense than before), and the regularity of their appearance is also disrupted, characterized by increasingly large gaps between menstrual cycles. As a result, menstruation ends completely, and postmenopause occurs.

Postmenopausal symptoms

Reduced hormonal levels have a very strong effect on the female body, contributing to the following changes:

Weight gain, occurring due to the proliferation of adipose tissue with a constant diet and lifestyle. The popular saying that one gets fat not from food, but from age is even appropriate here. This is actually true. Due to a decrease in the level of estrogen production in the body, the instinct of self-preservation and replenishment of reserves is triggered. Indeed, in addition to the ovaries, estrogens can also be synthesized by adipose tissue, but in much smaller quantities.
Urinary incontinence, arising due to impaired functionality of the urogenital organ system. There is a high probability of developing urogenital pathology, such as cystitis. The presented symptoms occur against the background of exposure to a deficient estrogen content, which has a tonic effect on the walls of the bladder and prevents involuntary discharge of fluid. With the onset of postmenopause, the walls of the bladder become so weakened that with slight physical effort: when coughing or laughing, involuntary passage of urine occurs.
Appears dryness on mucous membranes surfaces in the intimate area, and the vaginal walls become less toned. Hormonal changes in the body lead to a decrease in the level of collagen produced, as well as cervical and vaginal mucus, which can cause vaginal prolapse.
Appearance insomnia and aggravation of emotional reactions to things happening around. Since the onset of menopause, symptoms such as increased irritability and aggression, followed by tearfulness, remain unchanged. As well as attacks of hot flashes and a feeling of sharp heat in the upper body.
Abundant calcium leaching from bone tissue, which can lead to thinning of the skeleton and, consequently, to the appearance of chronic fractures.

It is also necessary to pay close attention to discharge from the vaginal area.

Postmenopausal discharge

With the onset of the postmenopausal period, the cervix begins to function somewhat differently, the processes of secretion of cervical mucus are reduced to a minimum level. Deficient levels of hormones in the body also have a pathogenic effect on the state of the vaginal microflora. The reproductive system of the reproductive organs becomes more vulnerable to the penetration of pathogens and the development of serious pathological processes.

The discharge of yellow, brown, pink or other multi-colored discharge from the vaginal area with the presence of an unpleasant odor indicates the development of pathology. Therefore, not every woman can understand and determine the moment of the onset of the postmenopausal period.

How to determine the onset of postmenopause?

The system of reproductive organs in the female body is very complex, because even the woman herself, having stood on the threshold of menopausal changes in the body, cannot always determine what is happening in her body. Especially considering the fact that quite a long period of time may pass until the functionality of the ovaries completely disappears.

Therefore, there are diagnostic measures aimed at identifying and distinguishing natural changes in the body from the development of pathology. If at least 12 months have passed since the last menstruation, it is recommended to undergo the following procedures:

take tests to determine the level of FSH, which should be increased in postmenopause;
take tests to determine the amount of estrogen, which should be below normal;
tests to determine progesterones, the amount of which should be increased;
To identify the absence of follicles and changes in the functional layer of the endometrial surface of the uterus, it is necessary to undergo an ultrasound examination of the pelvic area.

These examination methods are informational, and on their basis it is possible to make an accurate diagnosis of the onset of postmenopause.

But to establish a full clinical picture of all pathological changes in the body, it is necessary to undergo:

Ultrasound examination of organs in the peritoneal area.
Hysteroscopy.
Take general blood tests.
Mammography.
Submit a smear for cytology.
Osteodensitometry to determine bone density.

Normal hormone levels in the postmenopausal period

Clear boundaries for hormone levels in the postmenopausal period have not been established. In postmenopause, only a deficient content of estrogens is released, which, after the extinction of the ovaries, are synthesized in small quantities by the pituitary gland and adrenal glands. But the main source of estrogen in the female body is adipose tissue, which has accumulated these hormonal substances before. Therefore, active weight gain is observed in postmenopause.

Considering the fact that with the cessation of the functionality of the reproductive system, there are no follicles left in the ovaries, this helps to significantly increase the level of follicle-stimulating hormone up to 25 times, and the presence of luteinizing hormone increases up to 5 times.

It has been established that in most cases, the highest levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone are observed during the first three years of menopause, after which their amount gradually decreases.

To ensure a milder course of menopausal symptoms in postmenopause, the following approximate level of hormonal substances should be maintained in the female body:

Estradiol – 12-20 pg/ml;
Estron – 35-70 pg/ml;
Androstenedione – 1.30-6.20 nmol/liter;
Testosterone – 0.14-2.50 pg/ml.

The amount of male sex hormonal substances in the female body decreases slightly, to 12-15%. But there may be cases when its level may increase, manifesting itself as hirsutism, characterized by the following phenomena:

the appearance of hair on the skin of the body and face according to male types;
engorgement of the vocal cords, which leads to the formation of a more masculine voice timbre;
increased sweating levels;
the appearance of insomnia.

It is possible to eliminate such manifestations only with the use of drugs from the HRT group, which can only be selected individually by a qualified specialist based on the results of a detailed examination.

Life in postmenopause

It is very important to note that with the onset of postmenopause, regardless of all age-related changes, life does not end. Sometimes it just acquires new notes of life: you no longer need to be afraid of an unplanned pregnancy, menstrual days will not cause the same discomfort. And what’s more, you can finally take care of yourself without remorse. The only thing you will have to make is some small adjustments to your usual lifestyle:

Balance diet. It is recommended to exclude all protein and fatty foods, which only cause harm to the body in the form of increased cholesterol, blood pressure and overall body weight. It is better to enrich your diet with fresh vegetables and fruits, cereals and nuts.
It is necessary to maintain moderate physical activity, which helps strengthen muscle and bone tissue. Activities such as walking in the fresh air, yoga and swimming will help tone the whole body and improve overall well-being.
It will help to prolong youth and get rid of a negative emotional mood intimacy with a sexual partner.

But in addition to adjusting your usual lifestyle, you should not forget about it, which helps normalize hormonal levels, alleviate menopausal symptoms and improve overall well-being.

Hormone replacement therapy and other treatments

On the shelves of the modern pharmacological market there is a huge number of drugs that help alleviate menopausal symptoms in the postmenopausal period.

But before using them, it is necessary to consult with a specialist who, taking into account all individual characteristics, will be able to select the correct treatment. Whereas when choosing treatment on your own, you can make a mistake, which can cause bleeding, the development of tumors and aggravation of the existing pathology.

Many experts are confident that if the reason for the appearance of menopausal symptoms lies in a deficient level of sex hormones, then in order to eliminate such manifestations it is necessary to replenish the reserves of hormonal substances in the body. But many women do not seek to use drugs containing hormones due to their contraindications or fear.

Hormonal therapy has a number of the following contraindications:

The presence of benign and malignant neoplasms in the area of the mammary glands and mucous surfaces of the uterine organ.
Autoimmune disorders.
Impaired functionality of the liver and biliary tract.

But despite this, hormone therapy is the most effective treatment method.

If there are no contraindications to the use of hormonal drugs, then the following drugs can be prescribed to ensure replenishment of the content estrogen:

Klimara;
Divisek;
Dermestril;
Klymen;
Proginova.

If it is needed comprehensive treatment with HRT, the following drugs are prescribed:

Trisequence;
Livial;
Klimonorm;
Femoston.

If there are contraindications to the use of hormonal drugs, then drugs will help to have a similar effect on the body vegetable origin:

Klimadinon;
Qi-Clim;
Remens;
Feminal;
Estrovel.

These drugs can only be used for those representatives of the fair half of humanity who do not suffer from an estrogen-dependent tumor. In the presence of this pathology, the use of the above herbal preparations is not recommended.

To normalize the psycho-emotional state, sedatives such as:

Gelara;
Cleophyte.

And to increase bone density, the following are most often prescribed:

Aquadetrim;
Calcemin;
Osteogenon.

Among other things, it is necessary to strengthen the body with vitamin complexes, including vitamins A, E and B.

Among folk remedies, the following recipes can be most effective:

Making an herbal infusion St. John's wort, helping to reduce the frequency of hot flashes, normalize the psycho-emotional state and level of blood supply.
A decoction of them will help reduce sweating, improve sleep and normalize heart rhythm. sage.
Tincture from licorice will help stimulate the production of your own estrogens and strengthen bone tissue.

But it is important to remember that in postmenopause, before using any medicine, you must first seek the opinion of specialists.

The postmenopausal period will sooner or later come in the life of every woman, and how she will feel on this journey of life will depend on timely treatment, correct lifestyle and timely contact with specialists on all issues of interest and incomprehensible symptoms that arise.

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