Trifolium pratense
Taxon: legume family ( Fabaceae)
Other names: red clover, woodpecker
English: Beebread, Cow Clover, Cow Grass, Meadow. Clover, Purple Clover, Wild Clover, Red Clover
Generic name Trifolium- three-leafed, pratense- meadow.
Botanical description of clover
Red clover is a perennial herbaceous plant 20-50 cm high. The root is taprooted, branched, often with nodules of nitrogen-assimilation bacteria. From the axils of the basal leaves emerge flowering stems with trifoliate leaves that fold at night. The leaves are trifoliate, the lower ones are on long, the upper ones are on short petioles; the leaflets of the lower leaves are obovate, the upper ones are oval or ovate, and the bottom is usually more pubescent. Clover flowers are irregularly shaped, pink or red, 11-14 mm long, sessile, located in capitate inflorescences, the last two leaves are close together at the base. The fruit is a single-seeded ovoid bean with small ovoid flattened seeds of yellow or brown color. Red clover blooms from May to September.
Where does clover grow?
Red clover grows throughout Europe, North Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia), Western and Central Asia. On the territory of Russia it is found in the European part, Siberia, the Far East and Kamchatka.
Clover grows in moderately wet and dry meadows, clearings, forest edges, in thickets of bushes, and along the edges of fields throughout Russia.
A little history
Clover cultivation began in the 14th century. in Northern Italy, from where the culture spread to Holland and then to Germany. In 1633, red clover came to England. In Russia it has been cultivated since the mid-18th century.
Collection and preparation of clover
The medicinal raw materials of clover are the inflorescences with apical leaves. They are collected during flowering. They pick with their hands or cut off with a knife a whole inflorescence with a wrapper, without peduncles, place it loosely in baskets, and quickly dry in the shade, under a canopy or in a dryer at a temperature of 60-70 ° C, making sure that the raw material does not dry out, since in this case it loses your value. Store inflorescences in a closed container for 2 years, grass - 1 year. Sometimes clover roots are harvested as medicinal raw materials. Dry in the usual way.
Chemical composition of clover
The green mass of clover contains essential and fatty oils, tannins, glycosides trifolin and isotrifolin, organic acids (p-coumaric, salicylic, ketoglutaric), sitosterols, isoflavones, resins, vitamins (ascorbic acid, riboflavin, carotene, etc.). During the flowering period, the aerial part contains protein (20-25%), fats (2.5-3.5%), carotene (up to 0.01%), ascorbic acid (up to 0.12%), free amino acids (up to 1.5%), fiber (24-26%), nitrogen-free extractives (more than 40%), calcium and phosphorus salts. Flavones and flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, pratoletin, etc.), isoflavones (genistein, formononetin, etc.) were found in grass and flowers.
Clover leaves contain maakiain, a flavonoid from the pterocarpan group that has fungicidal properties.
Up to 150 kg/ha of nitrogen accumulates in clover roots after mowing the above-ground parts.
The content of essential oil in clover flowers reaches 0.03%; it contains furfural and methyl coumarin.
Up to 12% of semi-drying fatty oil was found in clover seeds.
Pharmacological properties of clover
Clover has expectorant, diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, antitoxic, hemostatic, wound-healing, and antitumor properties.
Use of clover in medicine
Preparations of meadow clover are used internally for anemia, painful menstruation, inflammation of the bladder, heavy uterine bleeding, bronchitis, bronchial asthma and shortness of breath, for chronic cough, for prevention, externally for baths for rickets in children.
A decoction of clover roots is indicated for inflammation of the ovaries and as an antitumor agent.
Fresh crushed clover leaves are used externally to stop bleeding, heal wounds, burns, abscesses and rheumatic pain.
Fresh red clover juice is effective against suppuration of the nail bed and fingers, skin tuberculosis, inflammatory diseases of the ears and eyes.
Vitamin concentrates are obtained from clover leaves.
Since ancient times, clover has been an integral part of aromatic healing baths and medicinal teas.
The essence of fresh flowering plants is used in homeopathy. Flower heads and leaves were used in domestic folk medicine: internally - as an expectorant and antiseptic for cystitis, for gastrointestinal disorders; externally - for furunculosis and burns, as an emollient and for rheumatic and neuralgic pain. In folk medicine in various countries, a decoction and infusion of flowers was used as a means of increasing appetite, for tuberculosis, as an antitussive for whooping cough, bronchial asthma, malaria, uterine bleeding, painful menstruation, and pain. The juice of the fresh plant was used to wash the eyes for allergies. Crushed leaves were applied to purulent wounds and ulcers.
Medicinal preparations of red clover
Decoction of clover inflorescences: brew: 250 ml of boiling water 20 g of inflorescences, cook: 15 minutes, leave for 30 minutes, strain. Drink 50 ml 3-4 times a day for chronic cough, bronchial asthma, anemia, scrofula. Use externally as a lotion for burns, frostbite, bedsores, abscesses, to wash festering wounds and ulcers.
Clover herb infusion: Brew 200 m of boiling water, 40 g of herbs, leave for 1 hour, strain. Drink 50 ml 3-4 times a day when coughing.
Clover inflorescence infusion: Brew 200 m of boiling water and 30 g of flower heads, leave for 1 hour in a warm place in a sealed container, then strain. Take 50 ml 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals for chronic cough, skin diseases, colitis, cholecystitis, diathesis. Wash wounds, ulcers, apply lotions to inflamed areas, carbuncles, boils.
Tincture of leafy clover tops: pour 500 ml of 40% alcohol or strong vodka into 40 g of raw materials, leave for 14 days, strain. Take 20 ml before lunch or before bedtime for atherosclerosis with normal blood pressure, accompanied by tinnitus. The course of treatment is 3 months with a break of 10 days. After 6 months, the course of treatment can be repeated.
Use of clover on the farm
Salads are prepared from the leaves; green cabbage soup and botvinya are seasoned with them. In the past, dried, crushed leaves were added to flour when baking rye bread, and were also used to make sauces and in the production of cheeses. In the Caucasus, young unopened flower heads are fermented like cabbage and added to green salads.
Clover is one of the most valuable forage grasses. In terms of nutritional value, hay is almost as good as alfalfa. The plant is widely used for green fodder, for making hay, haylage and silage. After harvesting the seeds, the straw is used for feed. The nitrogen accumulated in the roots remains in the soil after plowing, which helps to increase the fertility of the fields. Widely cultivated as a fodder plant. An antifungal substance, trifolyrizin, was isolated from the roots.
Clover essential oil is used in aromatic compositions.
A valuable honey plant, but nectar is available only to bees with a long proboscis, so honey productivity is only 6 kg of honey per hectare of crops. Honey is one of the best varieties; it does not take a long time to be candied.
Photos and illustrations of red clover
Growing clover
Biological features.
Clover belongs to the genus Trifolium L., which has about 300 annual and perennial species, distributed mainly in temperate regions of Europe, Asia and North America. There are up to 70 wild species of clover in the CIS. Most of them are bush plants with a well-developed tap root system. Three types of clover are common in cultivation: red clover (Tr. pratense L.), pink clover (Tr. hybridum L.) and white clover (Tr. repens L.). Incarnatum clover (Tr. incarnatum L.) and shabdar clover (Tr. resupinatum) have some distribution.
Red clover. The most common type both in the CIS and in foreign countries. This is a perennial herbaceous plant with a tap root that penetrates the soil to a depth of 1.5-2 m. The clover root has the property of contracting and drawing the root collar into the ground, which increases the plant's resistance to drought and low temperatures. The stem is round, with 6-9 internodes, branched, 50 - 70 cm high, and in some cases up to 150 cm. Under favorable growing conditions, clover bushes well. On one plant the number of stems reaches 20-30, and sometimes more.
The leaves are compound, trifoliate. The flowers are red-violet, collected in inflorescences - the head. Each head contains 30-70 flowers. Clover is cross-pollinated with the help of bees, bumblebees and other insects. The fruit is one or two achenes and a bean. The seeds are round-ovoid, smooth, shiny. Weight of 1000 seeds is 1.5-2 g.
There are several subspecies of red clover in the CIS, among which two are the most common: single-cut northern clover and double-cut early-ripening southern clover. In addition to these extreme types, many plants of an intermediate type are found in clover crops. For example, in the Baltic republics and Belarus, the crops are northern double-cut clover.
Single-cut clover differs from double-cut clover in having a taller stem, greater bushiness and branching of the stem, and a larger number of internodes (usually 7-9 versus 5-7 for double-cut clover). In the first year of life, it forms a rosette pressed to the ground and usually does not bloom. In the second year, as a rule, it produces one cutting. Single-cut clover blooms 10-15 days later than double-cut clover. After mowing it grows back slowly. Under favorable growing conditions, it is used for two years. It is characterized by increased winter hardiness.
Double-cut clover has a less developed stem, but blooms earlier. In the second year of life, it produces two cuttings for hay, or the first for hay, and the second for seeds. It is used for one year because it is less winter-hardy than single-cut. However, it is less demanding on moisture and tolerates high temperatures better. In Ukraine, mainly double-cut clover is grown.
Clover red- plant of moderately humid climate. It produces high yields in areas with annual precipitation of 450-500 mm or more. It grows well in areas with high soil water levels, but not closer than 50 cm to the surface. Red clover is not very demanding when it comes to heat. Its seeds germinate at a temperature of 2-3 °C. Plants that are well rooted can withstand frosts down to -20 ° C or more, even in snowless winters. Red clover has increased moisture requirements. The optimal soil moisture for its normal development is within 70-80% of the total moisture capacity. Transpiration coefficient 500-600.
Clover is more demanding of nutrients than grain crops, especially phosphorus and potassium. It, like other legumes, assimilates atmospheric nitrogen with the help of nodule bacteria. The best soils for it are podzolized and heavy chernozems, dark gray and gray forest soils with a slightly acidic or neutral reaction of the soil solution (pH - 7). On podzolic acidic soils, it gives high yields only with liming.
Pink clover (hybrid, Swedish) differs from red clover in its smaller growth and pink heads that sit on long legs. The plant is well leafed. The fruit is a one- and two-seeded bean, the seeds are regular heart-shaped, green with a marbled speckled pattern.
Pink clover is less demanding on soils than red clover; it grows well in acidic soils and heavy clay soils. Under favorable conditions, the crop can grow in one place for 7-8 years. After using crops for seeds, the plants almost completely die off. It is characterized by high cold resistance.
The species has two ecological forms - with a hollow stem (grows in damp places) and with a stem filled with a core (a form adapted to drier areas). Pink clover is sown in peat soils and lowlands.
Clover white- a perennial crop with a creeping stem. The root system is located in the upper horizons of the soil, mainly at a depth of up to 30-35 cm. The stem is branched and takes root at the nodes. Flowering shoots are erect, flowers are white. Beans contain 3 - 4 seeds. The seeds are small, variegated, regular heart-shaped. White clover is sown mainly in forage crop rotations, in areas intended for grazing.
Clover grows slowly in the year of sowing and does not produce a full harvest, so it is sown under the cover of winter or spring grain crops. The best cover crop for clover in Ukraine is barley. If clover is grown under the cover of winter crops, it is better to sow it under winter wheat. Since clover is sown under the cover of grain crops, cultivating the soil for grain crops is also cultivating for clover.
Lime increases clover's resistance to freezing, so acidic soils are limed.
To obtain high yields of hay and seeds, clover is fed in the second and subsequent years of use: the first time in the spring, the second time after the second mowing. When feeding, 30-40 kg of the active substance phosphorus and potassium are added per hectare. Fertilizers are incorporated into the soil using harrows.
Sow clover with well-cleaned and sorted seeds with a germination rate of at least 90%. It is especially carefully cleaned of dodder seeds (using special machines).
Clover seed material is heterogeneous. It sometimes contains up to 50 percent or more of the so-called “stone” seed, which has a very hard shell and does not fall off even in conditions of sufficient soil moisture for 2-3 years; Before sowing clover seeds, they are ground using graters or special machines - scarifiers. At the same time, the hard shells on it are destroyed, and it germinates more quickly.
To increase the yield of clover, the seeds are treated with nitragine before sowing. 2-3 weeks before this, it is treated with granosan (150-200 g per 1 centner of seeds).
Clover is sown with grain grass or grain seeders along with a cover crop. In this process, cover crop seeds are mixed with clover seeds. To prevent grass seeds from settling in the seeder box, the seeds of the cover crop, if it is non-vernalized, are slightly moistened before sowing and mixed well with the grass seeds.
If clover is grown under the cover of winter crops, then it is sown in the spring, before harrowing the winter crops, with disc seeders across the rows. The clover seeding rate is from 14 to 16 kg/ha. Seeds are planted at a depth of 2-3 cm, and when sown with grain seeders, no deeper than 4-5 cm.
Care of clover crops begins after mowing the cover crop. After 2-3 days, piles of straw and flooring are removed from the field, and the clover under them is damped off. The cleared field is harrowed in 1-2 tracks with heavy harrows to loosen the soil surface and retain moisture.
If clover, after harvesting the cover crop, manages to form a large vegetative mass by autumn, then 3-4 weeks before frost it is mowed at a height of 14-15 cm to prevent damping off.
In the second and subsequent years of use, clover is harrowed in the spring and after each slope, and weeded from weeds. Particular attention should be paid to the fight against dodder.
When growing clover for seeds, bees are taken to its crops during flowering at the rate of at least 1-2 bee colonies per hectare.
To obtain high-quality hay, clover is mowed at the beginning of flowering. Delay in mowing leads to the fact that many leaves fall off, the hay becomes coarser and its nutritional value decreases. Mow clover for hay at a height of 5-8 cm.
When drying clover hay, make sure that it does not dry out. To do this, the mown grass is dried in the mowing for 2-4 hours, then raked into windrows, and after 1-2 days they are formed into small shocks. When the hay in the stack dries to a moisture content of 15-16%, it is skimmed.
The second cutting of clover is left for the seeds; It is better to collect it using converted combines when 90% of the heads turn brown. In addition to clover seeds, the combine hopper receives a lot (25-70%) of unthreshed beans with leaves and chopped stems. This mixture (the so-called pijina) is quite wet; it is immediately dried and threshed (wiped) on clover graters. After wiping, the seeds are cleaned and sorted using conventional grain cleaning machines. Store seeds at a moisture content of no higher than 13-14%.
The yield of clover seeds is 1.5-3 or more centners per hectare.
Clover is not only a good honey plant, but many people do not know about it. Flowers cover the ground with a beautiful and thick carpet, it is to the taste of farm animals, and supplies nitrogen and organic matter to the soil.
Landing
In nature, this perennial plant does without weeding and fertilizing. Therefore, at home there are no special problems with it - clover is quite tenacious.
For planting, it is better to choose a well-lit place (slight shade is allowed).
Seeds are used for cultivation. You can collect them from two-year-old plants. But it is better to purchase it in a specialized store. Some gardeners divide tall bushes. But such plants do not take root well.
- The soil should first be loosened and fertilized with organic matter.
- For 1 sq. m of sown area requires about 335 seeds. It is better to soak the seeds for at least 1 hour before planting.
- Planting material should be mixed in a large container with soil. And spread in an even layer over the entire area.
- Then the seeds should be covered with a not very thick layer of soil (about 1 cm).
- Water using a hose fitted with a fine spray nozzle. The soil should be well moistened for 7 days.
- The first shoots will appear in 2 weeks.
When sowing by hand, the lawn will not be uniformly thick and even. Clover is a perennial plant. But after 3 years it should be sown again.
Important! Planting should be done before mid-summer. Otherwise, the clover will not have time to gain a good foothold before the weather gets colder.
Home care
Sour clover (oxalis, lucky clover) pleases with its flowering in winter. Quite unpretentious in care.
Where to place
The flower will feel best in a well-lit place. Light should be distributed evenly over the entire surface of the plant. When there is a lack of light, the sorrel tree stops blooming. And soon dies.
Optimal temperature
The plant should not be placed in places with drafts. With regular watering and fertilization, a temperature of 20 to 24 degrees is suitable for sorrel.
Important! During rest, the temperature should be reduced to 18 degrees.
Subtleties of care
In order for the plant to grow well, it must be watered abundantly and the leaves must be sprayed. These conditions are especially important during the period of active growth and appearance of flowers.
All species require regular fertilizing with mineral fertilizers and loosening.
Growing
Clover is the most unpretentious plant. The main thing for him is good constant soil moisture. The plant should be watered once every 7 days. Excessive moisture can negatively affect the plant. Therefore, watering should be moderate.
Trefoil produces nitrogen on its own. Therefore, it does not require large amounts of fertilizer. Sometimes a clover lawn needs to be thinned out a bit. It is better to plant it in areas where cereals or potatoes previously grew.
Important! Clover is considered an effective remedy for fighting all cancers.
How to care
Although clover is an unpretentious plant, it needs minimal care.
- Manure should be applied in the fall.
- Before sowing seeds, the soil must be fertilized with fertilizers based on phosphorus and potassium.
- If the soil is podzolic, care should be supplemented with boron fertilizers. They are used for spraying when the plant begins to bloom.
What types exist
There are almost 320 varieties of clover in nature. Many species are successfully used not only as forage crops, but also as original landscape decorations.
Red clover (meadow)
Belongs to early ripening varieties - blooms from early spring to late autumn. It has round leaves and bright pink inflorescences. The plant contains a lot of protein, so it is a nutritious food for animals.
The most popular are its varieties Trio, Ermak and Mereya.
Three-leaf clover (creeping)
A perennial plant that blooms from late spring until the first frost.
Long-lived among all species - it can grow for about 10 years. Has increased resistance to trampling. There are several varieties:
- “dark dancer” - bright burgundy leaves with a green border create an interesting contrast with white flowers;
- “Dagon’s blood” - red spots located on almost white leaves;
- “green ice” - variegated leaves, one part of which is painted light green. And the other has a dark shade.
The most famous variety of the plant. Has 4 leaves.
Important! Clover can be used in cooking. A rather original salad is made from rice and clover leaves.
Planting in autumn
For clover to take root well, you should wait for a warm autumn day. The air temperature should be within 15 degrees. Otherwise, the sprouts will appear very quickly, and frost will destroy them.
Add 3 parts of clean river sand to the seeds. Make shallow furrows for the seeds (no more than 3 cm), the distance between which should be more than 10 cm.
In spring, when the temperature rises above 5 degrees, the plant will enter the active growth stage. It will need fertilizer in the form of liquid manure.
- For 50 liters of water you will need 17 kg of fertilizer.
- Stir and leave for 7 days.
- Then it should be diluted with water in a ratio of 1 to 5.
When the first buds appear, it is necessary to spray the plant with any anti-pest preparation.
Important! For long flowering, clover can be fed with ash.
Planting before winter
This plant is a good siderite, enriches the soil with nitrogen compounds. Therefore, they are planted before winter to improve the soil composition.
Clover roots penetrate quite deep underground. This allows you to saturate it with air and moisture.
Clover has a long vegetative period. Therefore, you can mow for fertilizer both during the formation of buds and earlier, while the stems are soft. But if the deadline is missed, the fertilizer will not work.
Planting in a garden plot
Clover is an excellent alternative to the classic green lawn. It quickly takes hold; the creeping stems cover the lawn with an even carpet. The lawn turns out bright and natural.
Important! Looks good as a decoration for alpine slides and rockeries.
Clover, like lawn grass, has a number of positive aspects:
- it is unpretentious and can withstand changing climates;
- It does not require special care;
- perfectly fertilizes the soil, making it favorable for planting cultivated plants;
- attracts insects for pollination;
- Proper care allows the lawn to maintain an attractive appearance for up to 8 years.
Important! It is better to use white clover seeds for your lawn.
The lawn should be trimmed on time. And make sure that snails and slugs do not breed in it due to constant high humidity.
Clover is very common in Russia. Entire pastures and meadows were sown with clover to be used as animal feed. But there are many decorative types of clover, which are planted on lawns, lawns, alpine hills and rockeries.
In Latin, clover is called Trifolium - “shamrock”. And occasionally, a leaf with four blades found in trefoil clover species is considered a symbol of good luck. However, there are types of clover in which all leaves are quadruple. The clover leaf is the emblem and national symbol of Ireland, and in Russia it is considered a symbol of the Trinity.
On our site this crop grows wild. Our rabbit loves clover, but not only rabbits benefit from this plant. The soil receives nitrogen from it, which is accumulated in nodules on clover roots by special bacteria.
Clover belongs to the legume family, its flowers are small, in the form of a round fluffy head of yellow, pink, white, and red flowers.
Planting clover
Clover grows in the wild wherever possible, from this we conclude that it is very easy to care for and tenacious. However, if you want an even and healthy clover carpet, it is better to choose the most suitable location and prepare it for planting.Clover can grow both in the shade and in the sun, but provided there is sufficient moisture, since it is very dependent on moisture. Loves slightly acidic and neutral soil, rich in fertilizers. Grows well after cereal predecessors. Deep plowing or digging, and removal of weeds are required before planting.
Clover is propagated by seeds, which are sown to a depth of about 3 cm. It is recommended to collect seeds from plants of the second year; they are more mature and tenacious.
Clover care
Clover care will come down to loosening the soil, removing weeds, and fertilizing with fertilizers.Watering for clover is extremely important. All species are dependent on watering and need it. Meadow clover is very sensitive to overflow, which is negative for it. Pink is ok with iridescence and can grow on soils with close groundwater. White does not react to iridescence as much as meadow, but it is also not as neutral to it as pink. But underwatering is unfavorable for all types of clover
Now let's look at fertilizers:
1. In the fall, manure is applied for digging (in the fields it is applied as a winter cover crop). Applying organic fertilizers in the fall, and not just before planting in the spring, has a positive effect on the harvest.
2. Before planting, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are added to the soil.
3. In the case of podzolic soils, boron fertilizers are also applied, spraying the plants at the beginning of flowering.
If you want to collect clover seeds, several large, browned heads are selected, cleared of excess husks, dried for a week in a dry, warm place without direct sunlight, after which the seeds are placed in a box for storage until planting.
Types and varieties of clover
There are about 300 types of clover. In our country, the most popular and most commonly found is meadow clover,it has been living with us for about 200 years and with its help many new varieties have been obtained. This species is used everywhere to feed livestock. It inhabits not only meadows and fields, but also mountainous areas.
Red clover (Trifolium praténse)
White clover, also known as creeping clover (Trifolium repens)
A perennial plant about 40 cm in height with a low creeping stem, trifoliate, rounded leaves. It grows wild in pastures and meadows; when planted in a garden plot or fields, it is often used in a mixture with different types of clover and wheat. Very tenacious, endures everything: trampling, frost. The disadvantage of this species is the rapid growth and clogging of some plants in the flower garden.
Clover, popularly called trefoil, belongs to perennial plants of the legume family. The plant is presented in the form of three leaves of emerald color with a small spherical flower. If you adhere to the correct technology for planting it, and also care for it afterwards, then a blooming lawn will delight you every year with an even and soft carpet. To do everything correctly, consider: how to plant white clover for a lawn? Simple tips and some nuances from experts will allow you to get a green carpet as a result of the work done.
Advantages and disadvantages
- the suppressive property will lead to the death of other flowers;
- rapid growth in all directions (clover is dominant);
- moisture retention leads to slipperiness - you should walk on it carefully.
Landing technology
As already mentioned, a tenacious plant does not require weeding or fertilizing. But, if you want to get an even and beautiful thick carpet, you should consider several recommendations. So, among the preparatory work, the location should be correctly determined. The best option is a sunny lawn or partial shade. Seeds are purchased at a specialized store for gardeners and gardeners: about 300 grains are needed per 1 m2. It is recommended to plant in spring or early summer.
- As in the case of a regular lawn, in order for the seeds to take root well and quickly, you should remove the top layer of soil (up to 5 cm) and level the area.
- Fast germination will be ensured by simple soaking for 1 hour before direct sowing. You can also mix the seeds with a small part of the soil and then scatter them evenly over the area.
- To prevent birds from pecking the grains, a thin layer of soil (about 1 cm) is poured on top.
- For watering, it is recommended to use a sprinkler nozzle, as strong pressure will wash away the white clover seeds or drown them. Soil moisture should be maintained for 7-10 days. The possibility of walking on the lawn is excluded. After 15 days, shoots should appear.
Important! Clover grows well in areas where cereals were previously grown.
Care
The unpretentiousness of the plant reduces all the conditions for caring for it. So, the basis includes only watering. Prolonged drought can negatively impact the growth of a white clover lawn. At the same time, severe waterlogging will also be disastrous. Experienced gardeners recommend watering once a week, provided that there has been no rain during these days.
You can trim the clover as desired - as the plant grows. In this case, it is recommended to use a trimmer, after which the lawn will quickly recover and bloom profusely. Carefully monitor the growth of the lawn; it is better to limit it, as it will be difficult to remove white clover.
Important! Trefoil easily tolerates sudden changes in temperature, but in case of high heat levels, additional watering should be carried out.
Video: white clover instead of lawn grass
Clover is a valuable 2-3-year-old legume forage and, more recently, an ornamental plant. Clover grows naturally and is also cultivated in fields for use in crop rotation. A moisture-loving plant, but does not tolerate excess moisture.
Clover is sown on irrigated cultivated pastures in the Northern, Central, Western and Southern (delta) zones.
Most often, 2-3 types of clover are sown on a plot: meadow (red), creeping (white) and less commonly pink clover.
When sowing in early spring, clover shoots appear on the seventh to tenth day. The root system, stems and leaves develop quickly. In the first year of the growing season, plants cover the soil surface with leaves, drowning out weeds, which contributes to better crop formation. When irrigated per year of sowing, clover produces 270-400 centners per hectare of green mass, and in rainfed conditions 100-130 centners per hectare.
In various zones, the most productive variety is the local Abadzekh variety.
The technology for growing clover is similar to the technology for cultivating alfalfa. Crops are placed in field, fodder and rice crop rotations. The best predecessors are winter and spring cereals.
Fertilizers for clover are applied before the growing season in doses of N 60-90 P 60-90 K 60
Basic and pre-sowing tillage is the same as for alfalfa.
The best sowing time is early spring - March-April. The seeding rate in pure form is 12-14 kg/ha, or 7.0-8.2 million grains (field germination is usually 46-57%).
When grassing pastures, coverless sowing is also recommended. To cereal grass mixtures (20-25 kg/ha) add 3-4 kg/ha of clover seeds (total sowing of 16.5-18.4 million seeds per 1 ha). Autumn crops can be planted under the cover of winter barley and wheat of zoned varieties at the time of sowing winter grains.
The sowing rate for clover cover crop is 100-120 kg/ha, its seeds are planted to a depth of 5-6 centimeters. Then, separately on the same field, a mixture of cereal grasses (20-25 kg/ha) and clover (3-4 kg/ha) is sown at a depth of 2-3 cm.
Caring for clover consists of timely watering (at soil moisture of 75-85% NV) and nitrogen fertilizing during the growing season. In the second year of the growing season, nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers are applied at the rate of N 60-90 P 60-90.
Phosphorus fertilizers are applied in early spring in one dose, and nitrogen fertilizers at the same time in two or three doses after the second and third cuttings in equal doses. The harvesting methods and timing are the same as for alfalfa.
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The medicinal properties and contraindications of red clover (meadow) are well known to European peoples. Fresh leaves and young shoots of this plant are eaten as a vitamin concentrate. In Rus', cabbage soup and botvinya were often prepared from stables, and, for example, the Caucasian peoples ferment young inflorescences of the herb to this day. It is also a valuable forage plant for livestock and soil fertilizer. Essential oil from it is used in perfumery and cosmetology. In Celtic mythology, the shamrock is a revered, sacred plant. It brings good luck and symbolizes the unity of the three mother goddesses in Celtic magic. Therefore, the herb is considered feminine, but it also benefits men.
Features of a medicinal plant
How to collect clover? What is its chemical composition? Why is this medicinal plant so valuable? And what are its contraindications?
Area
Red clover is so common and unpretentious that it is easy to find in different parts of the world. All varieties of this grass are found in the European part. Some varieties grow in Central Asia, some in the Far East. The plant also takes root in North Africa.
White or creeping clover. 
Hybrid or pink clover. 
Clover is average.
Types of clover
There are about 10 varieties of red clover, all of which are used for medicinal purposes. But 245 species of clover have also been described. In folk medicine, the most famous are arable, creeping, medium, pink. What are their features?
You can also purchase varietal seeds of decorative clover with dark red leaves that lie beautifully on the ground, and its shoots quickly take root and grow. The advantage of this variety is that it is a perennial. It can be planted in flower beds and alpine hills.
Botanical characteristics
Red clover. Botanical illustration from the book “Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz” by O. V. Thome, 1885.
Description of red clover:
- root: taproot, short, produces many shoots; swellings with nitrogen (a natural fertilizer) form on the root, so fields are often sown with clover;
- stems: height from 15 to 60 cm, branched, erect;
- leaves: elliptical in shape, trifoliate, with long petioles, bright green with a light spot in the center;
- flowers: collected in single heads, spherical, red, purple, crimson.
Red clover flowers are also considered a good honey plant, but bees cannot reach the nectar due to the short proboscis. More often, grass is pollinated by bumblebees or breeds of bees with a long proboscis.
Procurement of raw materials
How to collect and prepare raw materials to preserve the medicinal properties of clover?
- Collection. The most valuable thing in clover is the inflorescence. The grass is collected during the flowering period. Depending on the climate zone - from May to September. It is better to remove whole inflorescences with the upper leaves, which also contain valuable substances.
- Drying. It is carried out in natural conditions - in attics or under canopies. Herbalists do not recommend over-drying the herb, otherwise it will lose its beneficial properties. The heads of the inflorescences should not fall off or fall apart.
- Storage . The grass is packaged in linen bags, stored in a dry place for 1 year, and the raw materials are renewed every new season.
The finished raw material has no odor; the herb has a slightly bitter taste.
Healing effect and chemical composition
How is clover useful? The herb has the following spectrum of pharmacological action:
- astringent;
- emollient;
- anti-inflammatory;
- wound healing;
- painkiller;
- antiseptic;
- diuretic;
- regenerating;
- restorative;
- vaso-strengthening;
- diaphoretic;
- expectorant;
- blood purifying;
- vitamin
Clover grass contains the following substances:
- flavonoids (there are also many of them in the leaves);
- essential oil containing furfural - an antimicrobial substance;
- fatty oil (a lot in seeds);
- glycosides;
- organic acids;
- vitamins E, C, A, P, K, B1 and B2;
- tannins;
- resins;
- cellulose;
- amino acids;
- alkaloids;
- proteins and fats;
- salts of phosphorus and calcium.
Indications and contraindications
Red clover is used in folk medicine internally and externally. For what diseases is this herb effective?
- Diseases of blood vessels and muscles. Clover helps lower cholesterol, so it is useful to take it for atherosclerosis. It is prescribed for muscle inflammation (myositis).
- Respiratory diseases. Decoctions are drunk for bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, colds, flu, ARVI. They are also prescribed for shortness of breath and bronchial asthma.
- Kidney and liver diseases. Has a mild diuretic and secretory effect. Helps with urolithiasis, cleanses the liver and blood.
- For hypertension. Clover is taken for blood pressure and hypertension, the herb relieves headaches and eliminates dizziness.
- Biogenic stimulant. The plant can be used as a general tonic to prevent viral infections. For example, in Central Asia it is customary to drink it with hot milk. The herb is taken for fatigue, anemia, alcohol intoxication, vitamin deficiency, metabolic disorders, weight loss or gain.
- External use. Clover is effective against various fungal diseases, as it has fungicidal (antifungal) properties. They treat boils, purulent wounds, ulcers, burns, psoriasis. With the help of compresses made from fresh juice and infusions, they relieve rheumatic and neuralgic pain and soften the skin. The product is also used in otolaryngology for gargling. Microenemas are made from it for inflammation of the rectum.
What else does clover help with? There is information in herbalists that clover is effective against oncology. For malignant tumors, the drug is taken orally; for cancerous skin lesions, lotions and ointments are applied.
Contraindications for red clover: chronic diarrhea and constipation of various natures; thrombophlebitis; phlebeurysm; pregnancy; estrogen-dependent form of cancer (more often in women during menopause); acute forms of chronic kidney and liver diseases. In case of heart disease and after a stroke, the herb can also cause harm, so it is necessary to consult a doctor before starting treatment.
Using and preparing clover at home
The plant is well known in rural areas. It is grown as livestock feed. Often used in cooking: dry inflorescences are added to soups as a seasoning; in the spring, fortified salads are made from the leaves, and compotes are made from the inflorescences. What medicines can be prepared from this herb?
Decoction and infusion
The decoction and infusion are taken orally for all of the above diagnoses and symptoms. Strong decoctions are prepared for external use: compresses, lotions, poultices are made from them, and they are added to medicinal baths. These remedies help well with purulent abscesses and promote rapid tissue healing.
Preparing the decoction
- Take 1 tbsp. l. dry inflorescences.
- Pour a glass of boiling water.
- Boil for 1 minute.
- Leave for 1 hour.
The decoction is filtered and taken as tea, ½ cup 3 times a day (preferably after meals). To obtain a steeper decoction, take 3 tbsp per glass of water. l. raw materials.
Preparing the infusion
- Take 2 tbsp. l. dry inflorescences.
- Pour a glass of boiling water.
- Leave for 2 hours.
Take either ½ cup 3 times a day, or ¼ cup 4 times. It is a good expectorant and astringent.
Tincture
What are the uses of red clover tincture?
- It is often prescribed for atherosclerosis, headaches, and tinnitus.
- Drink to prevent ARVI, influenza, fatigue, anemia, and cancer diagnoses.
- It can also be used externally to treat the throat and mouth (diluted).
- I do not use it on burns, open wounds, or dry skin.
- Take with caution at high blood pressure.
Vodka tincture recipe
- Take 4 tbsp. l. dry inflorescences.
- Pour in ½ liter of vodka (you can dilute 40% alcohol).
- Leave for 10 days in a warm place.
The medicine is taken 1 tsp. before every meal. It is also recommended to drink the tincture at night.
Juice
In folk medicine, fresh clover juice is used. To prepare it, take fresh inflorescences, leaves and stems. They are passed through a meat grinder, and the juice is squeezed out of the mass through cheesecloth. Usually take 1/3 cup 3 times a day. The effect of the juice is the same as the effect of decoctions and infusions. However, it retains much more vitamins. This remedy is beneficial after a long illness, restores strength, strengthens the immune system, and cleanses the blood. The juice is also used externally. You can find information that it is used to wash the eyes during inflammation. It is necessary to treat this with caution and consult an ophthalmologist. The acids contained in the plant can harm the mucous membranes of the eyes.
Oil hood
The emollient healing properties of clover have been confirmed. Its substances penetrate into the thickness of the skin, nourish it, increase elasticity, and protect it from the adverse effects of the external environment. Therefore, the plant in the form of decoctions and infusions is widely used in cosmetology. An oil extract is also made from it, which is used for medical purposes - to treat affected areas of the skin (burns, ulcers, wounds).
Oil extract recipe
- Take 1 part of dry inflorescences.
- Pour in 2 parts olive oil.
- Leave for 2 weeks.
Apply externally, make compresses at night. Used as a cosmetic product to care for dry skin.
Features of use in women, men, children
- For women . Decoctions are used externally - for douching for inflammation of the vagina. They are also taken orally for inflammatory discharge and painful periods. In scientific medicine, clover is not used as widely as in folk medicine. Nevertheless, studies have been conducted using the herb for menopause, and its effectiveness has been proven. Clover contains isoflavones - phytoestrogens. These substances are included in hormone replacement therapy for menopause. They have far fewer side effects than synthetic hormones. The health and mood of women who take herbal decoctions noticeably improve, and the frequency of hot flashes and other unpleasant symptoms of menopause also decreases.
- For men . The herb is a natural aphrodisiac. It contains substances that increase male sexual activity. A tincture is prepared from clover seeds in the following proportion: 1 tbsp. l. seeds pour 1 glass of red wine. The mixture is steamed in a water bath for 30 minutes. The tincture is taken over a long course, 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day.
- For children . Most often, clover tea is given to children with diarrhea, to improve digestion and appetite. Decoctions are good for eliminating intestinal colic and spasms. Exudative diathesis (popularly called scrofula) is also treated with herbs. With this diagnosis, it is recommended to bathe children in decoctions or rinse their bodies with them after bathing. Alcohol tinctures of clover are contraindicated for children.
The beneficial properties and contraindications of clover in folk medicine have long been known. However, the herb has not yet been sufficiently studied in scientific medicine, so doctors rarely prescribe it. The plant is primarily valued for its antimicrobial and antifungal properties. This is an effective remedy for cough and diarrhea, helps with atherosclerosis, neuralgia, rheumatism, and heals purulent wounds, abscesses and burns well.
Our nature is truly a unique object; it creates such miracles that some of them are hard to believe. Various landscapes, mountains, caves, canyons and so on, which were created over many centuries thanks only to the wind, water and sun. Another miracle is all the vegetation that covers the planet. There are a huge number of different species of the same plants that grow in certain areas.
It is very important to live in harmony with nature, appreciate it and protect it. This truth was well understood by our ancestors, who lived solely on its gifts, admiring and praising it. In those days there were many more plants that are now considered endangered or no longer exist at all.
The photo shows red clover
Unfortunately, modern man is more busy with technological progress than with caring for the nature in which he lives. This has already led to negative consequences, greenhouse effects, a shift in the temperature minimum, thawing of glaciers, and this is not the end. Of course, something is being done in this area, but in very small quantities. If humanity does not reconsider its views on this problem, the consequences will be sad.
As for the gifts prepared for us by nature, we can say that there are herbs, fruits, mushrooms that are very necessary and useful for humans, but there are completely opposite ones that can cause irreparable harm to health. It is very important to understand the difference between them well, so as not to get into a difficult situation.
As we know, before the advent of modern medicine, the treatment of all diseases and problems required the use of herbal remedies. Decoctions, infusions, and mixtures were made from herbs, which, in the correct quantity and dosage, had the desired effect. Our ancestors knew well the properties of each plant and its effect on the human body, and therefore could create medicinal potions based on them.
There are many herbs of this kind to this day; some are still actively used, such as chamomile, mint, lemon balm, St. John's wort, etc., and some have been replaced by artificial mixtures and are prepared in the form of tablets. Red clover has a very good effect on health, which at one time was very popular, and therefore is now on the verge of extinction and is listed in the Red Book.
Red clover itself is a plant like the others, but its properties are so unique that it is worth talking about them in more detail, and at the same time talking about what such an important and useful plant as red clover is.
general characteristics
Clover is a perennial plant that can vary in size depending on growing conditions and other factors. Most often it grows no lower than twenty centimeters, and the maximum size reaches almost one meter. Clover stems are straight in structure, but can have an upward growth direction. The shape of the leaves is ovoid, the structure is lanceolate. The sizes of the leaflets can also vary from four to eight centimeters in length and one or one and a half centimeters in width. Their peculiarity is the presence of teeth on the very edge, the shape of which is non-uniform. The lower surface of the foliage is covered with veins.
Clover blooms with inflorescences that are quite large in shape. The head of one inflorescence has an elongated shape, the length of which can be from four to ten centimeters, and the width will vary between two and three and a half centimeters. Red clover blooms through flowers, the color of which is red. Their length is usually about one and a half centimeters; there are flowers a little smaller and a little larger. As for beans, they are ovoid in shape and contain one seed.
The flowering period of red clover occurs from June to July. The fruiting period comes immediately after this and usually falls in July or August. Clover prefers to grow in dry meadows, meadow steppes, forest edges and among shrubs. This plant is highly dependent on anthropogenic factors and is difficult to tolerate negative influences. Clover is difficult to restore once it has suffered significant damage.
Since the plant is rare nowadays, it is protected in nature reserves and special areas. It is actively distributed in Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk, where there are suitable places and the right climate. An outwardly unremarkable plant has enormous benefits for humans, which we will discuss later.
Has many healing qualities
Medicinal properties
Red clover has many positive qualities and has a healing effect on the body, but most of all it has proven itself in the cancer industry. With its help, you can effectively combat a wide variety of variants of this disease that affect various human organs. One of the most important abilities of this plant is the ability to stop the growth of cancer cells, which gives time to fight them.
In addition, using red clover can cleanse blood and mucus. If we talk about external use, then a prepared decoction from the plant will help heal ulcers that have arisen on the body due to various circumstances; it will be enough to wash yourself with this liquid. If you have any internal infection, then with the help of meadow clover it can be stopped.
There can be many options for using this miraculous herbal plant. Even bronchitis and whooping cough can be relieved by using it. Any degenerative diseases begin to disappear when such a powerful defender comes into the fight against it, which helps by providing additional nutrients that the body lacks. Even against foot fungus, clover can become a reliable helper if you make the poultices correctly and undergo a certain course of treatment with them.
Traditional healers use the flowers and leaves of this plant. They have antibiotic properties, have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral effects, are able to act on fungi and destroy them, in addition, it is effective in the treatment of tumors. With the help of clover, healers can cleanse the blood, cause a diuretic, expectorant and laxative effect; in addition, they nourish the body and, if necessary, have a sedative effect. Even in gynecology, the use of clover has excellent results, helping to relieve various irritations.
If you want to help your body during periods of stress and hard work, then using this plant will help calm and, most importantly, strengthen the nervous system, add energy and restore vitality. In the same case, if you suffer from gout or arthritis, then clover can remove uric acid, which causes these ailments. Meadow clover is also indispensable in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis, helping to quickly overcome the disease and maintaining the body at the required level.
In medicine
Options for using red clover, recipes
This plant can be used in various ways, but for the right effect you need to strictly follow the recipe and methodology. That is why we will give you the most useful options for what exactly can be done with clover and what it helps with.
An infusion of clover and rose hips, which improves body tone. To prepare, we need to use one hundred grams of rosehip, which is kneaded with a fork and placed in a thermos. After that, pour two tablespoons of clover into the same container. When everything is inside, you need to pour boiling water over the components, the optimal amount will be three glasses. Upon completion of this operation, the lid of the thermos should be closed and the infusion should stand for less than eight hours. This infusion is recommended to be consumed after meals twice a day, morning and evening. It is better to drink one hundred milliliters at a time.
Tincture for angina pectoris. To prepare, you need to take a glass of clover, it is important that it is fresh. It needs to be filled with medical alcohol. The most optimal amount would be half a liter. When everything is ready, the container is placed in a dark place for up to two weeks. During this time, you need to shake the contents so that the tincture is uniform. The course of admission is one month. You need to take it three times a day, before you eat, just one tablespoon at a time will be enough.
Tincture for headaches and tinnitus. This tincture is allowed to be used by those whose blood pressure is within normal limits at the time of administration. To prepare the infusion, you need to take one hundred grams of clover and pour one liter of vodka into it. For the infusion to turn out good, the product must also be of high quality. The next stage is the tincture, it is produced over ten days, during which time you sometimes need to shake the tincture. You can take this drug in twenty milliliters and only before bed. The dosage schedule is not simple, you need to use the tincture for fifteen days, then rest for ten and again extend the course for fifteen days. Next comes two months of complete rest from the tincture. If necessary, the same course can be repeated.
Use of red clover for problems of female genital organs. If menstruation is irregular and painful, you can fix it. To do this, take two tablespoons of clover inflorescences and pour boiling water over them. This solution is infused for six or eight days. The resulting infusion should be taken a few days before menstruation. Drink one hundred milliliters per day. If a woman’s appendages are inflamed, then she needs to make a decoction in a water bath. For this medicine you need clover roots in the amount of two tablespoons. Fill them with boiling water, about half a liter. The contents need to be simmered on fire for half an hour, then strained. You need to take the medicine a tablespoon a couple of times a day.
Ointment for purulent wounds, itchy skin, boils and scrofula. For preparation, use one hundred grams of clover flowers, which need to be filled with olive or vegetable oil, which was melted in a bathhouse; two hundred grams of such oil are needed. You need to infuse the resulting mixture from one to one and a half weeks. What happened needs to be applied to the places that need help.
Clover baths for hives or irritations. You need to take two handfuls of this plant into a canvas bag and attach it under a tap with water. Open the hot water that flows through the bag and fill the bath. You need to lie in the resulting solution for about twenty minutes. After this, the skin will calm down and the redness will go away. In addition, after such a bath, your mood should become more than good, because clover also has antidepressant abilities.
In order to make an energy drink that will help lift your mood, add strength and energy, and also strengthen your immune system, you need to collect red clover inflorescences while it is still blooming and prepare decoctions from it. You need to take two hundred grams of inflorescences and pour a liter of water into them. All this is boiled for twenty minutes on low heat. The broth needs to be filtered and boiling water added to it so that the volume becomes the same as before. After this, honey is added to make the taste more pleasant, and everything is sent to the refrigerator. It is recommended to drink the resulting decoction instead of water or juice, or pour it partially into tea. This liquid will improve your well-being and have a positive effect on your sleep, which will give you a feeling of vigor and activity.
The use of red clover is important in a wide variety of areas; its benefits can hardly be overestimated, so do not forget about medicinal plants and neglect them, they can become your best friends.
Clover
Name: Red clover.
Other names: Konyushina, red clover, porridge.
Latin name: Trifolium pratense L.
Family: Legumes (Fabaceae)
Kinds: Legume family - herbaceous plants, shrubs or trees. The leaves are alternate, usually compound - pinnately or palmately compound, often with stipules. The flowers are characteristic, irregular, separate-petaled. There are 5 (4) sepals, usually fused. The corolla consists of 5 petals: the upper one is usually larger (“flag” or “sail”), 2 side ones (“wings”) and 2 lower ones, often fused in whole or in part (“boat”). There are 10 stamens, most often 9 fused and 1 free, but it happens that all 10 are fused or free. Pistil 1, upper oblong stuck. The fruit is a bean, usually opening with two valves, less often indehiscent, sometimes breaking up into segments. The seeds sit on the valves of the bean; they are without endosperm.
Alkaloid-bearing plants are often found. Many plants rich in tannins contain various glycosides, flavonoids are often found, coumarins and their derivatives are found; There is gum in the trunks of some trees and shrubs; Gum tragacanth is widely known and has technical significance.
The seeds of all moths contain starch and a significant amount of protein substances, some species also contain fatty oil (for example, peanuts), and some species contain mucilage in the seeds and beans, often saponins. In tropical and subtropical species, resins and balms are found in the trunk.
The chemical composition is varied, but some botanical affinity is noticeable. The extensive subfamily of moths is divided into 10 genera. In species of the 1st and 2nd generation, all 10 stamens are free; in some genera of the 3rd generation, all 10 stamens are fused only at the base, in others they are completely fused or one stamen is free.
All representatives of these tribes (48 species) contain alkaloids. They belong to the group of lupinan or lupine alkaloids containing quinolizidine rings as a base and form numerous derivatives (cytisine, pachycarpine, thermopsin and others).
The 4th and 5th tribes contain mostly alkaloid-free plants, except for betaine derivatives such as trigonelline and others; glycosides predominate.
The 6th knee is the most extensive, at the same time various active substances are formed - some types contain alkaloids, other types are alkaloid-free or contain traces of alkaloids. But even if they contain alkaloids, they do not belong to the lupine group.
The 7th knee - there are no alkaloids or traces, cardiac glycosides (vesel) are found, the 8th knee is fossil plants, the 9th and 10th knees are mainly edible garden plants.
Red clover belongs to the 4th generation of the legume family.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Plant type: Herbaceous plant with strong roots and straight stems
Trunk (stem): The stems are numerous, ascending, bent, branched.
Height: Up to 50 cm.
Leaves: From the axils of the basal leaves emerge flowering stems with trifoliate leaves that fold at night.
Flowers, inflorescences: Flowers are small, irregular, sessile, pink, red or purple, in capitate inflorescences at the tips of the shoots; calyx with 10 veins, shaggy-pubescent outside.
Flowering time: Blooms from May to September.
Fruit: The fruit is a bean.
Smells and tastes: The taste of clover heads is sweet and slightly astringent.
Collection time: Inflorescences with apical leaves and clover grass are collected during the flowering period.
Features of collection, drying and storage: The grass and clover flowers are plucked at the very base and dried in the shade until they fall off.
Spreading: In Russia, meadow clover is found in the European part (except for the Zavolzhsky region), including the Arctic, the Caucasus, Western and Eastern Siberia, and the Far East; in Ukraine – throughout the entire territory.
Habitats: Grows along river banks, forest edges, along roads, in meadows and meadow slopes, along the edges of fields. Widely cultivated as a valuable fodder crop.
Culinary use: Dried flower heads are suitable for seasoning soups. Young stems and leaves are added to salad, and when boiled they are used like spinach. Dry crushed leaves improve the quality of bread. Salads are prepared from fresh leaves and stems. The plant is used as a tea substitute.
Interesting Facts: Clover has a very characteristic leaf structure, which gives its name to a certain form of road junction - “clover leaf”.
Medicinal parts: Inflorescences with apical leaves and clover grass are used for medicinal purposes.
Useful content: The aerial part contains carbohydrates, steroids, saponins, vitamins C, B, E, K, carotene, phenolcarboxylic acids, coumarins, fatty oils, and many trace elements.
Actions: Clover has expectorant, diuretic, diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties. It is most often used as an expectorant for inflammation of the respiratory tract. There are positive results in the treatment of bronchial asthma, anemia, cystitis, dysmenorrhea and chronic rheumatism with clover.
Tincture of inflorescences is used for atherosclerosis, accompanied by headaches and tinnitus, but with normal blood pressure.
As a diuretic, clover is used for edema of cardiac and renal origin.
Locally, in the form of poultices, an infusion or decoction of inflorescences is used for
