Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov
O Muse! I'm at the door of the coffin!
Let me blame a lot
Let it increase a hundred times
My guilt is human malice -
Do not Cry! our lot is enviable,
Do not abuse us:
Between me and honest hearts
You won't let it break for a long time
Living, blood union!
Not Russian - look without love
On this pale, in blood,
Muse cut with a whip ...
Nikolai Nekrasov
According to the testimony of Nekrasov's sister Anna Butkevich, the poem “Oh Muse! I am at the door of the coffin!.. ”- the last work written by Nikolai Alekseevich just before his death.
Anna Butkevich
Not surprisingly, it touches on the theme of the poet and poetry. It was she who was the most important for Nekrasov throughout his life. One of its first mentions is found in a small sketch of 1848 "Yesterday, at six o'clock ...". In this poem, the lyrical hero tells how, while walking along Sennaya Square in St. Petersburg, he saw a picture of a young peasant woman being beaten with a whip. In the last two lines, he called Muse the sister of that unfortunate woman. Surprisingly, two Nekrasov poems are intertwined, written with an interval of almost thirty years. In the work "Oh Muse! I am at the door of the coffin! .. ”a similar thought is broadcast. Nekrasov characterizes the Muse with the following words: "pale", "in blood", "dissected with a whip."
Naturally, the coincidence described above is not accidental. Nikolai Alekseevich compared his muse with a peasant woman, emphasizing the nationality of his own poems. In addition, he had in mind the difficulties he faced throughout his entire career. At various times, critics and official censorship found many reasons to persecute Nekrasov. For example, after the reform of 1861, he was accused of an outdated approach to the problems of the peasants. Allegedly, ordinary people began to live well, and for some reason the famous writer stubbornly continues to lament about his hard lot. More than once, Nekrasov was criticized for his devotion to social topics. Even Fet, who rarely participated in various public controversies, refused to consider Nikolai Alekseevich a true poet because of this.
In the poem "O Muse! I am at the door of the coffin! ..” there is a reference to another work by Nekrasov - “Muse” (1852). In it, the poet once again confirms his loyalty to his Muse - the spokesman for the people's aspirations. Union with her, Nikolai Alekseevich calls "strong and vital." In the last poem, this idea is somewhat modified. The muse becomes a link between the poet and "honest hearts". The place of the adjective "strong", referring to the union, is occupied by the definition "live". At the same time, Nekrasov does not refuse the epithet "blood". An alliance with "honest hearts" is extremely important for Nikolai Alekseevich. It serves as a kind of key to immortality. The poet is alive as long as the people remember his work, as long as the lyrics find a response in people's souls.
At the beginning of the poem, the hero says that he is "much to blame." The motive of the poet's guilt before the Muse, before the people is found more than once in Nekrasov. Nikolai Alekseevich often repented that he had directed his talent in the wrong direction. As a rule, this refers to his works, written not at the behest of the Muse, but to maintain the existence of the Sovremennik magazine, which he headed for almost twenty years.
Among the liberal-minded people of the second half of the nineteenth century, Nekrasov's work was very popular. Despite this, contemporaries could not fully appreciate the lyrics of Nikolai Alekseevich. Such an important task fell on the shoulders of literary scholars of the twentieth century. It is quite obvious that sometimes Nekrasov was too fond of acute social topics to the detriment of the artistic value of the poems. He himself understood this very well, asking not to include some of his works in collections. Nevertheless, the novelty and originality of the style of Nikolai Alekseevich had a huge impact on Russian-language poetry.
The most popular poet of the 70s of the 19th century, according to many researchers and critics, was N.A. Nekrasov. In his work, he posed problems that worried more than one generation of poets: the purpose of the poet and poetry, civic motives, the problem of universal ideals.
His work is sometimes called a "poetic confession", in which lines full of civic pathos are invariably intertwined. It is not surprising that it is to the reader-citizen, the reader-friend, to the Muse that the poet turns on the verge of death, hoping for support. He hopes for the understanding of like-minded people in serving the people.
The poem "Oh Muse! I am at the door of the coffin ... ”when first published in“ Fatherland Notes ”in 1878, it was accompanied by a note:“ This poem, according to the testimony of the sister of the deceased, A.A. Butkevich, was the last one he wrote." Therefore, many researchers of Nekrasov's work tend to regard his "last word" as a kind of testament. What worries the poet "at the door of the coffin"?
Raising the theme of the appointment of the poet and poetry, Nekrasov uses the traditional method of referring to the Muse in the meaning of "poetry". But in this case, the Muse also refers directly to the creations of a famous poet. It is significant that Nekrasov himself does not think of himself separately from his work. He and his works are one and the same. This emphasizes the pronoun "our":
... our lot is enviable,
They don't abuse us.
Poetry for Nekrasov is the thread that connects him with the people, and this connection is eternal:
Between me and honest hearts
You won't let it break for a long time
Living, blood union!
In this case, the epithets are not accidental: "a living, blood union." A real poet is alive as long as the memory of him lives in the hearts of the people. And since the "poet" and "his works" are, in Nekrasov's understanding, synonyms, an indivisible whole, the "union" will always be "alive". After all, the creations of the poet are immortal.
By "blood union" the poet means a kindred union. This union is possible only with "honest hearts", that is, with people who understand their true calling - "to be a citizen."
Let me blame a lot
Let it increase a hundred times
My guilt is human malice ...
Do not Cry! our lot is enviable,
Don't abuse us...
Why does he say: "Our lot is enviable"? Apparently, because if a poet was able to excite the minds and hearts of people with his work, move them to disputes, this is already a great merit. This is already a recognition both by “honest hearts” and those who exude malice. The word "outrage" is also noteworthy. The form of this verb expresses the duration of an action. Consequently, such disputes, positive and negative statements will last for a long time, not one or two generations.
Nekrasov's last poem is a monologue, more precisely, a hidden dialogue with the Muse. It is with an appeal to her that he begins his work and ends it with a mention of her. Nekrasov describes his Muse as follows:
... On this pale, in the blood,
Muse cut with a whip ...
Poetry in Russia went through different periods: ups and downs. Many poets were persecuted and exiled for their works. Often their creations did not reach the masses, as censorship imposed a ban on publication. After all, it is known that poetry touches the strings of the human soul much deeper than prose. That is why Nekrasov draws such a vivid image of the Muse: "pale, in blood, excised with a whip." And only a Russian person is able to understand this image. No wonder the author says:
Not Russian - look without love ...
Without love, without trembling, it is impossible to look at Russian poetry, knowing the history of its development. This is exactly what Nekrasov wanted to say to his readers "at the door of the coffin." On the one hand, he affirms the immortality of poetry. On the other hand, this is a hidden appeal, a call to fellow poets to continue their thorny path, despite all the obstacles.
With this poem, Nekrasov sums up his creative path. Given the opportunity, he would repeat it from beginning to end. A poet is not a profession, it is a state of mind, a way of life.
The sincerity of the poem is impressive, as if the author really found old letters that stirred up those memories that hurt with their power. Although at the time of writing the work (1859) Afanasy Fet was barely forty years old, the lines are permeated with such powerful regret and nostalgia that they make the reader's heart shrink. The composition of the poem is built as a dialogue: the lyrical hero refers to the letters found and to the image that is hidden behind them. “Treasure traits”, “mute witnesses” - this is how the author calls either the lines of the letter, or his memories of the one that
Plan I. Crime committed by Rodion Raskolnikov.II. Raskolnikov's motives for the crime.1. Characteristics of the main character.2. The idea is to protect the "humiliated and offended".3. The theory of "strong personality".III. Punishment of Raskolnikov. In the center of F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" is the character of the hero of the sixties of the XX century, a commoner, a poor student Raskolnikov. He commits a crime: he kills an old pawnbroker and her sister, harmless, ingenuous Lizaveta. What made Raskolnikov commit the murders, what are the motives for the crime? Reading a novel, we follow those steps step by step.
The best psychological drama by A. N. Ostrovsky is rightfully considered "The Dowry". It is often compared with the "Thunderstorm", and to a certain extent this is true. "Thunderstorm" is the main work of Ostrovsky's pre-reform dramaturgy, while "Dowry" absorbs many motifs of the playwright's post-reform work. The comparison of these plays is also suggested by the fact that in both of them a drama of an outstanding female nature unfolds before us, leading to a tragic denouement. Finally, it is also important that in both plays a significant role is played by the collective image of the Volga city in which the action takes place. But ra
A poem written in December 1877 by N.A. Nekrasov, literally shortly before the death of the great Russian poet, is a confession, a conversation with a high poetic feeling-Muse.
Full of overflows and high style, this work is like a confession, farewell sounds restless and enthusiastic.
One feels the deep feelings of the lyrical hero, filled with a note of suffering.
The poet thanks the Muse:
"The sister of the people - and mine."
Bearing in mind that it was the Muse, his poems, written for the people and in defense of the people, became the link between the poet and the peasantry. A kind of thread that firmly connected the poet and the people.
Through each line, he walked a thorny path, paved the way into the hearts of people, and it was the Muse that reunited them, and gave the country a chance to find a new person who completely devoted himself to serving in the name of the ideals and greatness of the country and its inhabitants.
And on the eve of his death, he thanks her, sums up the mournful results ...
He is concerned about the future fate of poetry, so he tries to appeal to everyone, openly discussing the purpose of the poet, that he must leave an indelible mark, a spark with each of his poems ...
“... Between me and honest hearts
You won't let it break for a long time
Living, blood union!
From the same lines, we can conclude that Nekrasov means a long memory, a memory that will keep memories of him and his work. This is what will immortalize him, make him immortal, alive.
But the author also emphasizes the imperfection of his works, blames himself for incomplete sacrifice and self-giving, but even having caused indignant human hubbub with his poems, he will be glad of this reaction. After all, with this very childhood, lines from the heart and soul, he will wake up other souls, give them the opportunity to think, inspire them to reason ...
Disputes and praise, contempt and recognition of the poet - all these are emotions that the author craves. Any response from the people!
Nekrasov paints a portrait of the Muse of "excised" blood, thereby making it clear what the poets had to go through in order to convey at least a line, at least a word to the people. Persecution, exile, arrests - all this is often among the creators of the word.
And only a Russian person will understand these lines, feel this struggle.
Concluding his farewell song, he admires for the last time all the richness of Russian poetry, asking him to keep and uplift it with all his heart, to keep it as a treasure.
He addresses both the masses of the people and the poets who follow the same path of serving the people as he does.
He says that a poet is a state of mind and heart, and not just a profession.
"Oh Muse! I'm at the door of the coffin!" Nekrasov
"Oh Muse! I'm at the door of the coffin!" analysis of the work - theme, idea, genre, plot, composition, characters, problems and other issues are disclosed in this article.
History of creation
The poem "Oh Muse! I'm at the door of the coffin! "Written in 1877. It is considered Nekrasov's last poem, according to the memoirs of his own sister. The poem is the life outcome and poetic testament of the writer. It was published in Otechestvennye Zapiski No. 1, 1878.
In the last years of his life, the writer was seriously ill. Feeling his imminent death, he turns to his favorite image of poetry - the Muse.
Literary direction and genre
The poem must be considered in the context of the entire work of Nekrasov as a realist poet. It plays the same role in the work of Nekrasov as the poem "Monument" in the work of Pushkin, as well as other memorial poems (Horace, Derzhavin). In the poem "Oh Muse! .." Nekrasov draws a conclusion about the role of the poet and poetry, about the significance of his own poetry in the life of society. The poem belongs to the genre of civil lyrics.
Theme, main idea and composition
The poem consists of three stanzas. Nekrasov does not separate them with spaces, and they are inseparable from one another, because neither the first nor the second stanza ends the sentence that continues in the next stanza. This technique makes the monologue continuous. The lyrical hero seems to be in a hurry to say everything to the end, to have time to speak out.
The poem can be divided into three semantic passages. In the first, the lyrical hero repents before the Muse - an allegory of the poet's work. In the second part, the lyrical hero encourages his Muse, connects himself with her, associating his creativity with the source of this creativity.
In the third part, Nekrasov describes the Muse. He contrasts the attitude towards the Muse (creativity) of Russian and non-Russian consciousness. The themes raised by the revolutionary democrat Nekrasov in his work are uninteresting and unsympathetic for a foreigner: people's life, along with all its suffering.
The theme of the poem "Oh Muse! .." is a popular recognition of the poet's work.
Main idea: Nekrasov's muse is close to the Russian people.
Paths and images
The image of the Muse is the leitmotif of Nekrasov's work. In the poem “Yesterday, at six o’clock,” the lyrical hero calls Muse the sister of a young peasant woman who silently endures the beating with a whip. Even in his youth, Nekrasov determines the priorities of his work: closeness to the people and willingness to endure suffering (Nekrasov suffered a lot from the censors). The image of the Muse also appears in other poems of the poet. In one of the later Nekrasov says about the Muse: "The sister of the people - and mine." The last poem sums up the poetic activity of the poet. Anyone who does not understand the Russian people (not Russian) is far from the topic of national suffering, which means he does not like " pale, covered in blood, whipped Muse." The epithets describing the Muse are metaphorical characteristics of creativity.
But honest hearts are connected with the poet alive, blood union (epithets), which will not break for a long time. That is, the writer will be interesting to his people for a long time. This is a roll call with Pushkin: "And for a long time I will be kind to the people."
Epithet blood refers to a quote from another poem about the role of the poet and poetry: "A matter is strong when blood flows under it" ("The Poet and the Citizen"). A blood union is a union of like-minded people engaged in one noble cause.
The poem begins with an appeal to the Muse and metaphorical poetism " at the door of the coffin. Expecting death, the lyrical hero repents before the Muse. Nekrasov saw the purpose of the poet in serving the people. He asks for forgiveness, obviously, for the compromises that had to be made with censorship, or for the departure from folk themes in his work.
Nekrasov knew that he had many ill-wishers. He encountered them both as a poet and as editor of Sovremennik, which was closed after all. He conveys this idea with the help of a metaphor: human malice will increase his guilt "a hundredfold."
The lyrical hero asks the Muse not to cry. He does not share himself and his work. The fate of both the poet and his poems is enviable: "They will not abuse us." The poet will be held in high esteem as long as there are hearts to which his poems are close. Nekrasov, on the verge of death, affirms the work of his life: to convey to the Russian people the ideals of truth and humanism.
Size and rhyme
The poem is written in iambic tetrameter. The feminine rhyme alternates with the masculine. The rhyme is circular.
O Muse! I'm at the door of the coffin!
Let me blame a lot
Let it increase a hundred times
My guilt is human malice -
Do not Cry! our lot is enviable,
Do not abuse us:
Between me and honest hearts
You won't let it break for a long time
Living, blood union!
Not Russian - look without love
On this pale, in blood,
Muse cut with a whip ...
Analysis of the poem "Oh Muse! I'm at the door of the coffin!" Nekrasov
The poem "Oh muse! I'm at the door of the coffin!" (1877) is considered the last work of Nekrasov, written by him on the eve of his death. The great civil poet really addresses the main source of his inspiration with dying words. To some extent, the poem can be considered Nekrasov's poetic testament.
The work sums up the general summary of the poet's reflections on his life and poetic vocation. Earlier, Nekrasov had already quite fully expressed his views in the poem "Muse" (1852).
The dying poet (Nekrasov was very ill in the last years of his life and foresaw his imminent death) chooses his Muse as the last interlocutor, to whom he was always faithful. He honestly admits to her that he was "a lot to blame." Although, as Nekrasov himself believed, his fault lies in the fact that he did not care enough about the peasantry in practical terms. The main weapon of the poet in the fight against injustice was his bold and accusatory works. For this, Nekrasov was subjected to fierce critical attacks throughout his life, even from his fellow writers. He foresees that "human malice" will significantly embellish all his involuntary sins in order to discredit the name of the defender of the common people.
Nekrasov is not afraid of such a bleak prospect. He does not give up and turns to the Muse with the words: "Don't cry!". Misunderstanding of contemporaries is a common phenomenon that accompanies all progressive ideas. The poet is sure that his poetic work nevertheless found a response in "honest hearts". Thanks to this, there is a “blood union” of people who love their unfortunate Motherland and dream of achieving the triumph of goodness and justice.
At the end of the work, Nekrasov directly points to the national character of his work. A foreigner (“non-Russian”) will never be able to understand and feel with his own heart all the suffering of the Russian people. Nekrasov's muse is not a beautiful and tender girl who inspires poets to sing about love and flowers. His Muse is a “pale”, “whipped” peasant woman, whose only fault is that she does not belong to the upper class.
Nekrasov was too critical of his own activities. His work inspired many people and aroused great interest in the plight of the simple peasantry. The tormented Muse of the poet has earned its right to exist in Russian poetry.
