A summer day seemed short to one merchant: the sun rises late and sets early. And when the time came to hire farm laborers, the merchant was completely upset: the day for him became like the blink of an eye. The merchant laments that before the farm laborers have time to go out into the field, it is time to return. So they will never redo all the work.
He came to Lopsho Pedun.
What need brought you to me, buskel? – Lopsho asked the merchant.
Yes, the day is very short. The workers don’t have time to reach the field - look, evening is coming, but you have to pay them in full, and feed them as agreed. I wanted to lengthen the day, but I just can’t find anyone who would help me with this. I came to you to ask if you know someone who can make the day longer.
Um, yeah, how did you get lucky enough to come across just such a person? - Lopsho Pedun said not without pleasure, thinking to himself that it was the turn to teach the greedy a lesson. - If you give me five pounds of flour, I’ll help you.
And ten poods is not a pity, just teach me as soon as possible.
Listen, ur, how to help your misfortune and make the day longer,” Lopsho Pedun began to explain. - Put on a warm derem 1 jacket, a sheepskin coat on top of everything, felt boots on your feet, and a sheepskin malachai on your head. Take a pitchfork in your hands, climb higher on the birch tree and hold the sun with the pitchfork so that it stands in place. Do you understand?
Got it, got it, got it all. Thank you very much for your good advice. Come visit, I’ll treat you myself.
The merchant returned home and boasted to his wife of his resourcefulness. What, they say, I learned how to hold the sun so that it doesn’t run quickly across the sky..
The summer that year was hot. The merchant hired carpenters to build the house in one day. And in the evening he began to get ready. He put on a warm derham, a jacket, a sheepskin coat, put on felt boots, and to make his head warmer, he put on a fur hat. I also thought of grabbing sheepskin mittens for my hands. The merchant took the longest hay fork in his hands and, without waiting for the sun to rise, climbed onto the tallest birch tree. The carpenters were ordered to work as they were contracted to do - all day long. The merchant sits almost on the top of a birch tree, not a single branch gives him shade - and holds the sun with a pitchfork. From the heat, sweat runs down his back in streams, his hands are completely stiff and begin to tremble.
And the farm laborers work without a break, tapping with axes, clinking with saws. From time to time they glance at the merchant, smiling. The merchant strictly ordered not to stop until he came down from the birch tree. He assigned his wife to them to keep an eye on the workers.
A merchant is roasting on a birch tree in the sun, and just looking at the ground he will fall from fatigue. And the day seems very long to him. Perhaps he does not remember such a long day in his lifetime.
By noon, the merchant was steamed as if in a steam bath, tired, as if he had been plowing his arable land all day and lashing him with a whip. He got down from the birch tree.
Well, thank you workers, you did a great job today, it’s quite good,” he says.
And the farmhands were happy and happy: they weren’t tired at all, they only spent half a day working for the merchant. They went home, happy.
This is how the greedy merchant lengthened the day. For this he gave Lopsho Pedunya ten pounds of flour and also treated him to glory.
_________1 Durham is a women's shirt among the Udmurts.
Once upon a time, in a certain kingdom there lived a poor peasant. In his entire life he had never seen happiness and joy. And he had three sons. The eldest was called Ivan, the middle was Pavel, the youngest was Petyr. The brothers were different in height: Ivan was tall, Pavel was of average height, and Petyr was very short.
When the father was dying, he said to his sons:
“You are all my sons, you are all dear to me.” I lived my life in poverty, I leave you nothing after me. Seek your own happiness and a good life.
After the death of their father, all three brothers left their father's house. They went along the road, not knowing where. They walked and walked and reached a big mountain. We stopped to rest under the mountain and heard the sound of an ax at the top.
“Let’s go to the mountain, let’s see who’s cutting there,” Petyr says to the brothers.
The brothers didn't go. Then Petyr climbed the mountain alone and was surprised: the ax alone was cutting down and felling the trees.
- Hey, axe, can I see you? – asks Petyr.
“Look,” says the ax and goes towards him.
Petyr took the ax, put it in a bag and went to his brothers.
-Who's cutting there? - they ask him.
“Someone is chopping, I didn’t recognize it,” says Petyr.
“Let’s go see who’s mining the stone,” Petyr again suggests to the brothers.
“If you’re not tired, go and go,” Ivan sends him, “but we are tired.”
Petyr climbed the mountain and saw: the pick itself, without a person, was extracting a stone.
-Can I see you, kylo? – asks Petyr. Kylo walked up to him. Petyr took it and put it in a bag.
- Well, what did you see there? “You’re running in vain, where you don’t need to,” Ivan scolds him.
“Someone is mining stone there, I don’t know who,” says Petyr.
“Let’s go up the river and see where it flows from,” says Petyr.
- When will you reach the source? If you are a fool, go look, says Pavel.
Petyr went. Soon I reached the source of the river. He sees: a river emerges from a nut shell.
- Hey, shell, can I see you? – asks Petyr. Shell replied that it was possible. Petyr took the shell, put it in a bag and returned to his brothers.
- Well, what did you see? - they ask him.
“I haven’t reached the end,” says Petyr.
They walked and walked and reached the city. The city learned that the king was offering a large reward and his daughter as a wife to anyone who could cut down an oak tree in the royal court.
- Can we do it, brothers? – asks Petyr.
“Let’s go see, maybe there will be luck,” the brothers say. And they went to the king.
The king had already gathered a lot of people. It’s hard to understand what’s going on here: one doesn’t have a nose, another doesn’t have an ear, and the third doesn’t have eyes.
- Why are everyone crippled? – asks Ivan.
“We promised to cut down this oak tree, but we failed.” This is why the king
and punished us.
“We won’t be able to either, let’s better get out of here before we get hurt,” says Ivan.
- No, we can do it. We won’t leave here,” Petyr answers.
- What are you saying, brat? Look how healthy the people here are, no match for you, but they couldn’t cut down the oak tree. You cut down one branch, and in its place a hundred new branches grow. “Where are you going?” one noseless man says mockingly.
The oak tree grew so large that it covered all the royal buildings.
Petyr went to the king and said that they would cut down the oak tree.
“If you don’t cut it down, I’ll do the same to you as I did to everyone here,” said the king.
Ivan took his ax and struck once. A hundred new branches grew in that place, and with another blow, a new hundred branches grew again. But Pavel didn’t even get down to business. The king wanted to cut off the brothers' ears.
Petyr asked:
- Wait, king! If I can't do it, then do whatever you want. Until then, don’t punish my brothers.
Petyr took a self-cutting ax out of his bag, planted it in an oak tree and said to him:
- Rub, my axe!
The ax began to chop! He chops and puts firewood in woodpiles. All the people were surprised and didn’t know what to say. The king also came out to see, because the palace immediately became light. It was the ax that felled the oak tree, and everything became clear.
“Here, king, I have freed you from the oak tree; it will no longer grow.” Give what you promised.
The king felt sorry for giving the reward, and even more so, he did not want to give his daughter to a poor man.
“That’s it, Petyr,” says the king. “If you manage to dig a well in the middle of my palace so that the water never runs out, then I will give you half of my kingdom and give you my daughter.”
“Better get paid for this work, and let’s leave here,” says Ivan. - How do you get to the water on such a mountain?
“No, we won’t leave, we’ll dig and we’ll get to the water,” he answers.
him Petyr.
He took the pick out of the bag, dug into the ground and said:
- Dig, my pick!
And work began. Kylo digs, only stones fly up. He digs and digs, but there is no water. Petyr stopped the pick, took the shell out of the bag and put it in the well, saying:
- Give me your silver water, my shell!
And clear water flowed from the shell, like a tear. Soon it filled the well and flowed in a stream across the yard. The people gasped in surprise.
The king was more surprised by this than the people. He hoped that Petyr would not get the water and would not have to pay him. But here it turned out the other way around.
“I’ll give you another job,” the king says to Petyr. - If you fulfill it, then you will receive what you promised. There is a forest not far from here. A giant rules this forest and does not allow anyone into the forest. If you manage to defeat the giant, you will live.
Petyr left, and the king thought with joy: “Now you won’t come back alive from the giant!”
Petyr came to the forest and forced the ax to fell the trees. Trees are falling down as if they had been cut down.
-Who dared to enter my domain? “I’ll crush you like a cockroach,” the giant shouts and tries to step on Petyr with his boot.
And the ax keeps cutting down trees. Then the giant begged. - Stop, Petyr, cutting down the forest and ruining my estate. You have defeated me, be my master.
Petyr returned to the king and said:
- I defeated the giant. Now fulfill your word. If you don't comply, I'll kill you myself.
The king sent into the forest to see if the giant was really no longer in charge. The king's workers arrived in the forest.
-Who sent you here? - asks the giant.
“Petyr and the Tsar sent us,” they answer.
- Bring firewood. Petyr defeated me, and I’m not going against him,” says the giant.
The workers returned with firewood.
- So Petyr won? - the king asks them.
- Won. The giant said that he is no longer Petiru’s opponent, the workers say.
The king was afraid of Petyr, fulfilled his word, and Petyr became the king's son-in-law.
Udmurt folk tales. - 3rd ed., with changes / Compilation, translation and processing by N.P. Kralina. – Izhevsk: Udmurtia, 2003.- 144 p.: ill.
In Udmurt language
Silly kitten
Once upon a time there lived a cat with a kitten. The kitten was small and stupid. One day he saw a ray of sunshine on the roof.
There must be some tasty food, the kitten thought and climbed onto the roof.
He was just about to reach the roof, when suddenly a sparrow flew out from somewhere.
No, it’s better that I eat it first, and then I’ll climb further,” the stupid kitten said to himself and rushed after the sparrow.
The sparrow flew away, and the kitten fell to the ground and was badly hurt. Then the cat, consoling him, said to him:
Your job is only to catch mice.
The kitten listened to his mother's instruction and promised never to forget it.
A lot of time has passed. One day, a kitten caught a mouse in the forest and carries it home in its mouth to show its catch to its mother. He had to cross the stream using a perch. And when he was crossing, he noticed his shadow in the water and thought again:
I'd rather take the mouse away from that kitten!
Releasing the mouse from his mouth, he rushed into the water. Of course, he didn’t catch the shadow, and he barely escaped: wet and dirty, he returned to his mother. But now the cat did not console him, but beat him and told him again that he should only do his job - catch mice, and not chase everything that catches his eye.
From then on, the kitten did not forget its mother’s instructions.
In Udmurt language
Bogatyr Kondrat
On the steep bank of the Izh River, in a dense black forest, Kondrat built himself a dwelling: he dug a deep hole and placed a log house there. You had to enter there as if you were entering a dugout. The door was covered with a heavy cast-iron plate, which no one could even move. Only Kondrat himself opened the entrance to his dugout.
Kondrat relied on his heroic strength and decided to live alone. But living like this, without going anywhere, without visiting neighbors, he soon got bored. He began to walk around the forest. I sat down on the steep bank of the river and watched for a long time how the water flowed in the river. And then he began to go to neighboring villages.
Having learned about Kondrat’s heroic strength, the people decided to choose him as their king. Then the Udmurts and Tatars were at enmity. The Tatars staged frequent raids, burned entire villages, took property and took it to themselves.
Kondrat, you are strong, we want to make you our king, said the Udmurts.
Strength also requires intelligence, and among you there are those, choose those,” Kondrat answered.
All the people bowed to Kondrat.
We need you, they said.
“Okay,” Kondrat agreed.
One day, when Kondrat was in the village, the Tatars of the Golden Horde came there. There was a commotion all around: fluff and feathers were flying there, smoke appeared in another place.
Behind me! - Kondrat’s call thundered to his people.
He himself walked ahead of everyone. He shot the first arrow at the leader of the Tatar army. The arrow passed right through the body of the Tatar leader.
A fierce battle began. The Tatar army was all destroyed in battle. Only one Tatar survived - he rode off on a horse and reported the news to the khan:
Khan, the Udmurt king is very strong. He destroyed all of us.
Where does he live? “I’ll measure my strength with him,” said the Tatar Khan.
“I know the way to him,” says the Tatar.
Kondrat, tired from the battle, was resting in his dugout at this time.
“He should have been here,” Kondrat heard the Tatar’s voice. Then he hears that someone is trying to open the door, but the stove does not yield to the efforts.
Kondrat then hit the slab. The slab and the khan flew into the river. He fell under the slab and drowned.
“Don’t touch me, Kondrat, I’ll be useful to you,” the Tatar asks.
Go, pull my door out of the river,” Kondrat tells him.
The Tatar entered the water behind the stove, but could not pull it out and drowned himself.
The Tatars, in order to avenge their khan, again gathered to fight the Udmurts. The new khan was afraid of the strong Kondrat.
“First of all, you need to kill Kondrat,” he ordered.
They chose the five strongest, bravest Tatars and sent them on horseback into the dark forest where the hero Kondrat lived.
Returning one day to his dugout. Kondrat saw riders driving through the forest towards his home.
He hid behind a thick pine tree and began to watch. The Tatars, having tied their horses to the trees, approached the dugout.
Kondrat pulled the slab out of the water and left it at the entrance to the dugout. Without thinking twice, the Tatars descended into it. Kondrat immediately ran up and covered the entrance with a slab. And he untied all the horses, sat on one of them and rode to the village.
Get ready for battle,” he thundered again in his thunderous voice.
Why fight in vain? After all, the Tatars don’t bother us now,” said one strong Udmurt.
This man himself wanted to be a king. The hero hit him with his fist and crushed all his bones.
The others said:
You and I are ready to throw ourselves into fire and water. We believe in you.
Five or six villages were located very close to each other. All of them, on the orders of their king Kondrat, began to prepare for battle. And at that time, in order to take possession of the wife of the Tatar Khan, Kondrat rode like a whirlwind on a fast horse to the palace.
The khan's wife was guarded by twenty Tatars. He then destroyed nineteen Tatars. The twentieth knelt down in front of Kondrat and began to beg him:
“I’ll tell you everything, just don’t kill me,” he said. - The Tatars are now choosing a new khan. They are preparing to wage a new war against you.
Kondrat quickly grabbed the khan's wife, carried her out of the palace and began to look around. Thousands of Tatars gathered behind the palace. They were already choosing their third khan. Konrath grabbed the Tatar and threw him over a high fence into the crowd. Only then did the Tatars find out that Kondrat was here and began to hastily surround the palace from all sides. And Kondrat, taking with him the khan’s wife, was already rushing like an arrow on his fast horse to his people. The Tatars realized it too late - behind Kondratr only dust rises in the distance.
Kondrat came to his place and appointed one person to guard his future wife. And he led the people into the forest, to their home.
The Tatars did not have to wait long. Having chosen a new khan, they moved like a black cloud towards the Udmurts.
A strong battle began. Kondrat fought like a hero: he threw some with kicks, some with blows of his fist into the black waters of a deep river. On the very shore he met the new Khan of the Tatars. Unexpectedly for Kondrat, he took out his dagger and stabbed him in the heart.
At the same time, Kondrat grabbed the khan by the throat. And they both fell into the river dead.
After the battle, the Tatars together moved the dugout slab and freed their imprisoned khan.
In Udmurt language
Lazy
One rich man had three daughters: two loved work, and the third was a lazy woman. The two eldest got married, but no one takes the third. In the same village lived a poor man. He had a dilapidated hut, there was neither a cow nor a horse. He went to the rich man to woo a lazy woman for himself. The rich man tells him:
What will you do with her? She's very lazy, you'll cry with her.
The poor man says to the rich man:
I'll teach her how to work.
If so, take her and teach her to work, and I will make you rich.
As a dowry, my father built a house, gave him a cow, a horse, pigs, sheep, and clothes. A poor man married a lazy woman and took her to him. The mother of a poor man puts on a samovar in the morning, wakes up her son and daughter-in-law to drink tea. The son gets up, drinks tea and goes to work, but the daughter-in-law doesn’t even raise her head, pretending to be asleep. The son punishes his mother:
You, mom, don’t wake her up or feed her, let her sleep all day.
The daughter-in-law gets up before dinner and asks for food. Her mother-in-law tells her:
Did you work today or not? We don’t feed those who don’t work. Go work first, then eat.
She doesn’t want to work: she sits for a day, two, three, but she wants to eat. He goes home to his father and says:
My husband doesn’t feed me, but forces me to work; I haven’t eaten anything for three days.
Father says:
I won’t feed you, daughter, either. There is no bread prepared for you today.
The lazy woman got offended, went back to her husband and said to him:
Give me some work, I'm really hungry.
Husband says:
Let's go to the field to pull flax.
Let's go fidget with the flax. The wife was a little confused and went to bed.
A maple tree grew not far from them, and under it there was an anthill. The husband put his wife on an anthill and tied her to a tree. As soon as the ants began to bite her, the lazy woman prayed:
Please untie me, now I won’t be lazy, whatever you force me to do, I’ll do everything.
The husband untied her and gave her oatmeal and bread. Then we spent the whole day fiddling with flax together. From then on, the poor man's wife began to love work. If suddenly the wife starts to be lazy again, her husband reminds her:
Hey, wife, remember the maple tree near the strip! - And she immediately develops a hard work ethic.
One day a father came to visit his daughter. I sat on the bench for a long time. I was waiting for an invitation to the table, but my daughter doesn’t even think about treating me.
Father says:
Daughter, at least put on the samovar, I came to visit.
And the daughter answers:
Go work in the yard, we don't feed those who don't work.
This is how the poor man taught his lazy wife to work.
In Udmurt language
Wolf and kid
One kid strayed from the herd. I wandered for a long time and could not find my way back home. I decided to nibble some grass. And then a gray wolf comes straight at him.
Well, my little goat friend, I’ll eat you now,” says the wolf.
Don’t eat yet, I’ll put on more fat,” he asks.
The wolf agreed and left the kid. A little time passed, he appeared again.
Got fat? Now I'll eat you.
Wait,” said the little goat, “I’ll help you.” Stand under that hillock over there, open your mouth, and I’ll run into it.
The wolf agreed. He stood under the hillock, opened his mouth and waited. As soon as the little goat ran away, and as soon as his horns hit the forehead of the gray fool, the wolf rolled head over heels. I came to my senses. He got to his feet and is still thinking:
- Did I eat it or not?In Udmurt language
The Legend of the Creation of the World
It was so long ago that no one can remember.
In the whole world there was only water all around, there was no land at all. And there lived only one Inmar and one Shaitan in the world. Inmar ordered the shaitan to dive under the water and get earth from the bottom. Shaitan obeyed Inmar, dived to the bottom and took out a handful of earth with each hand. He gave the Inmaru almost all the land he got, only hiding a little in his mouth.
Inmar took the earth from the hands of the shaitan, put it in his palm and blew it onto the water. The earth began to grow, becoming larger and larger. It was even, smooth, like a frying pan.
The earth, which the shaitan hid in his mouth, also began to grow. There was so much of it that it no longer fit there. Shaitan spat it out. The crumbs scattered in different directions, and mountains, swamps, and hummocks formed on the ground. If Shaitan had not deceived Inmar, the earth would have remained level and smooth.
The first people were very, very big, real giants. They lived carefree, doing nothing, because they did not know how to do anything: neither build, nor sow, nor hunt. The dense forest was like nettles for them. Where such a giant stepped, a ravine appeared, where he shook sand out of his bast shoes, hills formed.
Before the giants disappeared, small ordinary people appeared. Inmar lived with them and taught them to work. The little man began to plow the land, cut down the forest, and build huts. A giant boy saw one, took it in his hand and put it in his pocket along with the ax. He returned home and showed his mother:
Look, mother, what kind of woodpecker I caught, he was hollowing out a spruce tree.
And his mother says to him:
Son, this is not a woodpecker, this is a man. This means that we will soon be gone, only people like this will remain in the world. They are small, but hard-working: they know how to lead bees and catch animals. The time has come for us to leave here. Let's run quickly! - And the mother began to cry. Where her tears fell, rivers formed. There are many of them left on earth. The giants moved to the north.
Giants had very small minds. One day they were sitting and warming themselves around the fire. The fire flared up and began to burn my legs. They should have moved away from the fire, but they were not smart enough to figure this out, and they began to cover their feet with clay. When the fire went out, they froze and turned into large blocks of stone.
They say that in the middle of Mount Karyl there is a deep hole. They threw poles at it, but the poles fell through like into a bottomless well. Only a distant ringing sound was heard from the fall. They say that the rest of the giants descended into this well. And no one saw them again. The giants' name was asaba, no one knows what this word means anymore.
When there were many people on earth, they learned to do everything themselves and stopped listening to Inmar. Inmar got angry and left people for the next world. Since then, there is no more Inmar in this world, and people live well without it.
In Udmurt language
Greedy merchant
A summer day seemed short to one merchant: the sun rises late and sets early. And when the time came to hire farm laborers, the merchant was completely upset: the day for him became like the blink of an eye. The merchant laments that before the farm laborers have time to go out into the field, it is time to return. So they will never redo all the work.
He came to Lopsho Pedun.
What need brought you to me, buskel? – Lopsho asked the merchant.
Yes, the day is very short. The workers don’t have time to reach the field - look, evening is coming, but you have to pay them in full, and feed them as agreed. I wanted to lengthen the day, but I just can’t find anyone who would help me with this. I came to you to ask if you know someone who can make the day longer.
Um, yeah, how did you get lucky enough to come across just such a person? – Lopsho Pedun said, not without pleasure, thinking to himself that it was the turn to teach the greedy a lesson. “If you give me five pounds of flour, I’ll help you.”
And ten poods is not a pity, just teach me as soon as possible.
“Listen, ur, how to help your misfortune and make the day longer,” Lopsho Pedun began to explain. “Put on a warm derem, a jacket, a sheepskin coat on top of everything, felt boots on your feet, and a sheepskin malachai on your head.” Take the pitchfork in your hands, climb higher on the birch tree and hold the sun with the pitchfork so that it stands in place. Do you understand?
Got it, got it, got it all. Thank you very much for your good advice. Come visit, I’ll treat you myself.
The merchant returned home and boasted to his wife of his resourcefulness. What, they say, I learned how to hold the sun so that it doesn’t run quickly across the sky..
The summer that year was hot. The merchant hired carpenters to build the house in one day. And in the evening he began to get ready. He put on a warm derham, a jacket, a sheepskin coat, put on felt boots, and to make his head warmer, he put on a fur hat. I also thought of grabbing sheepskin mittens for my hands. The merchant took the longest hay fork in his hands and, without waiting for the sun to rise, climbed onto the tallest birch tree. The carpenters were ordered to work as they were contracted to do - all day long. The merchant sits almost on the top of a birch tree, not a single branch gives him shade - and holds the sun with a pitchfork. From the heat, sweat runs down his back in streams, his hands are completely stiff and begin to tremble.
And the farm laborers work without a break, tapping with axes, clinking with saws. From time to time they glance at the merchant, smiling. The merchant strictly ordered not to stop until he came down from the birch tree. He assigned his wife to them to keep an eye on the workers.
The merchant is roasting on a birch tree in the sun, and just looking at the ground he will fall down from fatigue. And the day seems very long to him. Perhaps he does not remember such a long day in his lifetime.
By noon, the merchant was steamed as if in a steam bath, tired, as if he had been plowing his arable land all day and lashing him with a whip. He got down from the birch tree.
Well, thank you workers, you did a great job today, quite a lot,” he says.
And the farmhands were happy and happy: they weren’t tired at all, they only spent half a day working for the merchant. They went home, happy.
This is how the greedy merchant lengthened the day. For this, he gave Lopsho Pedunya ten pounds of flour and also treated him to glory.
In Udmurt language
Two brothers
U one man had two sons. After his death they separated, one became rich, and the other lived in bitter need.
“I’ll go and drown myself,” the poor man thought to himself.
He came to the river, saw an overturned boat on the shore, lay down under it and began to think. I thought and thought and decided not to drown myself.
“I’ll spend one more night under the boat,” he said. Before I could fall asleep, three people approached the boat and started talking:
Well, tell me now, who is planning what? - someone asked.
Here's one that started:
One priest’s daughter has been sick for two years. I know how to cure her. You need to collect the leaves of black grass, give her a decoction and she will recover.
“What do you know?” they asked another.
To build a bridge across the sea, builders place pillars. But as soon as they put it up, at midnight those pillars are carried away by water. I know how to strengthen them: you need to lower a silver coin into the hole under each pillar, then no force will take them.
They asked the third:
What do you know?
Not far from here, a barrel of gold was thrown into this river. To pull out the barrel, you need to throw a leaf of undying grass into the water. As soon as you throw it, the barrel will float out on its own.
So we talked and left. The man heard everything they talked about. Now he completely changed his mind about drowning himself. I returned home and began collecting black grass leaves. I collected it, boiled it and went to treat the priest’s daughter. The priest immediately asked him:
Don't you know any medicine? My daughter has been sick for two years.
Your daughter will recover in three days, don’t spare just a hundred rubles,” says the man.
If you cure me, I’ll pay you two hundred rubles,” says the priest.
As the man said, so it happened: the priest recovered. The priest was delighted, gave him two hundred rubles and treated him properly.
The man returned home. A little later I went to the builders. Before he could say hello, they complain:
We’re putting up pillars for the bridge, but before we have time to turn away, the water washes them away. We've been fighting for a long time, but we can't come up with anything.
The guy knows how to strengthen the pillars. He thought a little and said:
Pay me three hundred rubles, I’ll strengthen the pillars.
If you can, we'll give you five hundred.
He took silver coins and dropped them into each hole under the pillars. The builders woke up in the morning and saw: the pillars were erected and still standing. I had to give the man five hundred rubles.
A man came home and rejoiced at how much money he now had! I went to look for unfading grass. He collected the leaves and went to the river to pull out the barrel of gold. As soon as I threw the leaf, the barrel floated out on its own. He took the barrel and went home. At home I decided to pour the gold into the barn, but there was no pudovka. I had to go to my rich brother and ask for a pood.
Later, he raked the gold out of the barrel and took the pood back, leaving several gold coins at the bottom. The rich man took the pudovka, saw gold at the bottom and was surprised.
Where did you get so much gold from? - asks his brother.
“I wanted to drown myself,” says the poor man, “he went to the river and lay down under the boat. At night three people came to the shore and to me: there, in such and such a place, lay a barrel of gold. And they taught me how to roll it out. I did everything as they said and found a whole barrel of gold.
Well, brother, thank you, now I’ll go too,” says the rich man.
He came to the river and, as the poor brother said, went to sleep under the boat. He lies there, breathing heavily, and he himself is afraid that thieves will discover him. He hears three people coming. They stopped not far from the boat and began to listen.
Someone stranger is lurking near us,” says one of them.
All three approached the boat, lifted it and pulled out the rich man. He didn’t even have time to say a word before they took him by the legs and arms and threw him into the water. Then death came to the rich man.
In Udmurt language
Zanym-Koidym
Zanym-Koidym did not like to care for his horse and feed it. “If only she worked for me, and I wouldn’t have to feed her,” he constantly said. The horse's ribs stuck out like hoops at the top, it was all bony and looked like a skeleton.
As long as it’s necessary to pull the cart, I’ll help myself a little,” Zanym-Koidym reassured himself.
One day he went to the mill. He put three bags in the cart, and took the fourth one on his shoulders and sat on the cart. People they met laughed at such a cart.
Hey neighbor, what are you doing? Why are you holding the bag on your shoulders?
I help the horse. “It will be easier for her, I think,” answered Zanym-Koidym. Hot sweat ran down his face in streams: the bag was heavy.
We drove a little, the horse stopped.
But-oh, leshak! You’re not the only one who’s tired, I’m tired too, I’m carrying a whole bag on my shoulders! - Zanym-Koidym shouts at the horse, continuing to sit on the sacks in the cart and hold the sack on his shoulders.
We drove a little more and the road went uphill. The horse stopped again.
What happened to her? I help myself, but for some reason I still don’t have the strength.
Zanym-Koidym still sits under the mountain. His shoulders were white from flour dust, and his horse had long since died.
During the First World War, Lopsho Pedunya was taken into the army. Grandma prepared new trousers for him, grandfather wove new bast shoes. Lopsho Pedun put crackers, dried paryonka, and a few onions in the pestle and set off on his way.
“Don’t worry,” he punished his grandfather and grandmother. “Don’t expect letters from me, I’ll show up before the post office.”
They brought Lopsho Pedun straight to the border. Then his supplies ran out: the crackers and the bread ran out
Another would have been confused, finding himself without food, spinning, but Pedun doesn’t even blow his head, he looks like an eagle,
To the commander, Lopsho Pedun seemed unreliable. The commander tells him:
- You, Pedun, go to the convoy. I can see by your appearance and habits that you are a cowardly person. In battle you will become completely limp and you won’t be able to stand it.
Lopsho Pedun got angry, well, he thinks, I’ll show you.
The next day, in the morning, the commander ordered him to harness the horses. Lopsho Pedun began to fuss and began to harness the horse to the front of the stallion. He tied the shafts to the collar, and the cart rolled ahead of the horse.
- Is that how they harness it? - The soldiers laugh at him.
- You're laughing in vain! - Lopsho Pedun shouted at them. “People always have a wheelbarrow in front of them.”
pput. What's worse about a horse? If you want to know, this stallion is probably smarter than you.
They kicked Lopsho Pedun out of the convoy.
“Send me on reconnaissance - you won’t repent,” he says.
“Let him go,” the commander decided, he was of no use here anyway.
Three days passed, and they forgot about Lopsho Pedun: either he was in the world, or he was not born at all. The man disappeared and left no trace. He disappeared and gives no news. However, on the morning of the fourth day, Lopsho Pedun appeared at the company. He sat down near the barracks and was silent, as if he had taken water into his mouth - he didn’t say a word.
Just that night it was necessary to send reconnaissance to the enemy trenches. The commander selected twenty of the most combative soldiers.
“If you want, go too,” he said to Lopsho Pedun.
The scouts returned early in the morning and say that they never saw the enemy.
- Where did Pedun go? - asked the commander.
“He moved on,” the soldiers answered.
Three days passed, and they forgot about Lopsho Pedun: either he was in the world, or he was not born at all. The man disappeared and left no trace. He disappeared and gives no news. However, on the morning of the fourth day, Lopsho Pedun appeared at the company. He sat down near the barracks and was silent, as if he had taken water into his mouth - he didn’t say a word.
- Pedun, where have you been, what have you seen? - asks the commander.
“I won’t say anything here, I’ll just report to the colonel himself,” he answers.
They escorted Lopsho Pedun to the colonel. Pedun stood up straight in front of him and pulled out the enemy banner from his pocket.
- Well done! - the colonel was delighted. And then he pinned the St. George Cross on Lopsho Pedunya’s chest.
- Listen... your... honor! - Pedun barked.
“Now tell me how you got this banner,” said the colonel.
But Lopsho Pedun refused: he says only the general can tell him about this.
They gave Lopsho Pedun new pants and a tunic. The St. George Cross sparkled on his chest more than ever. They brought him to the general. The general awarded him another St. George's Gretes - second degree.
But Lopsho Pedun didn’t tell the general anything. I said, I’ll only tell the king about what I found out.
They delivered Lopsho Pedun directly to the Winter Palace. Here, first of all, they washed him from a golden dish and sent him to rest on a bed of swan's down. We know the deal, they gave us plenty to drink and feed, and even sprinkled us with fragrant water. The next day we went to the king’s office.
- Corporal Lopsho Pedun arrived at your command, your highness! - Pedun barked.
The Tsar laughed, pleased - a brave soldier! - and personally pinned the St. George Cross of the first degree on Lopsho Pedunya’s chest. Lopsho Pedun became a full Knight of St. George.
“Well, now tell me how you managed to get the German regimental banner,” said the Tsar.
I did it, Your Majesty! “I took the tsar’s company banner with me when I was going on reconnaissance,” says Lopsho Pedun. “Anyway, I think it won’t be needed soon.” I gave it to a German soldier, and he gave it to me - this is it.
Dog! Away! - the king shouted.
- That's right, Your Majesty is a dog! - Lopsho Pedun did not remain in debt, turned and walked straight to the trenches.
Once upon a time there lived in Udmurtia an old shaman. And this shaman had three sons - Adami, Shamash and Lopsho Pedun. Adami was the oldest and the smartest, Shamash was average, but the strongest, and Lopsho Pedun was the stupidest. And people also said that Lopsho Pedun was once much wiser than his older brothers, but only then he went crazy after one unpleasant story. This is the story we will talk about next.
The village where the brothers lived stood in a swamp, not far from the Big River. The swamp was huge, and there were huge animals and reptiles in that swamp. And the villagers loved to catch and eat them (especially when they had nothing else to eat)…
And then one winter the brothers went hunting. Adami took with him a bow and arrows, Shamash took a spear and a club, and Lopsho Pedun took a small rope. No one knows who he wanted to catch with this rope and now he will never know, because its owner himself did not catch anyone that day, but only lost his mind and now he will definitely not tell anything...
So, the brothers went hunting to the nearest swamp. They walk and walk and suddenly they see a huge green moldy stone-boulder standing in the middle of the swamp, blocking the direct path, and dividing the swamp into three parts. Adami and Shamash stopped near this stone and began to decide which way to go in order to catch more animals and feed the whole family. We decided, decided, thought, thought, but still didn’t come up with anything. Meanwhile, Lopsho examined the boulder from all sides and saw the following words at the very top: “Whoever goes to the right will come back, whoever goes to the left will not find anything, and whoever moves the stone and goes straight will catch a big beast and lose his mind.” " Having read this inscription, he told his brothers about it, and then the sons of the shaman decided that Adami would go to the right, Shamash - to the left, and Lopsho Pedun - straight.
And the brothers set off each on their own path. Adami walked around the entire swamp, along the way he shot three frogs for fun and returned back. Shamash ended up in a swampy place, barely got out of there, found nothing and came with nothing, and Lopsho Pedun at that time kept trying to move the stone, and so on. I couldn’t - I didn’t have enough strength. And then he began to pray to Inmar. Inmar heard his prayers and broke the stone, and then drowned it in the quagmire. Lopsho Pedun was happy then and went forward. How long or how short did Lopsho Pedun walk, but the path did not end, and no one came across him along the way.
And then evening came. A whole month came out into the sky, obscured the sun and illuminated the entire swamp. And then I saw Lopsho Pedun, who was hungry by that time, right on the path of a huge beast. And he decided to catch him and drag him with him. He unrolled his rope, made a loop and tried to throw it over the beast, but he couldn’t catch it - the beast turned out to be too big. And the youngest son of the shaman Inmaru began to pray again. He prayed and prayed, but achieved nothing - Inmar did not hear him. Then Lopsho Pedun took a closer look at the beast, and realized that it was a mistake - out of hunger, he mistook his shadow for the beast.
Then he looked around and suddenly noticed that someone’s tail was flashing in the distance, he picked up a rope from the path and caught a huge hare with it, stuffed it into a bag and went home. And when he reached the village in the morning, he told his brothers about everything, and they blabbed to everyone else about how Lopsho Pedun was catching his shadow, and then the people decided that Lopsho Pedun had gone crazy, but only forgot about the huge hare and therefore never understood that it was not Lopsho Pedun who became stupid, but his brothers...
Cultural studies
Lopsho Pedun - who is he?
Simanova Maria, Karavaeva Natalya Petrovna 1
1. MBOU "School No. 15" Glazov
Summary:
Each people living on the territory of multinational Russia has its own fairy-tale hero: among the Russians it is Ivanushka the Fool; among the Tatars - Shurale; among the peoples of Central Asia - Hajja Nassreddin; among the Germans - Hans; but among the Udmurts, the main fairy-tale hero is Lopsho Pedun. So who is this interesting character? The goal is to find out who he is, this joker and merry fellow, dexterous and quick-witted Lopsho Pedun. Objectives: gain research experience; learn to find useful information; learn to work with additional literature; read more Udmurt fairy tales about Lopsho Pedun; find out if he had a prototype; visit the Igrinsky Museum of Local Lore with your class, where you can get acquainted with the history of the Lopsho Pedun family.
Keywords: Lopsho Pedun, myth and reality, Udmurt fairy tales, local history, image, national culture.
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Secondary School No. 15"
City of Glazov, Udmurt Republic
Lopsho Pedun - who is he?
Performed
Simanova Maria, student of 4th “B” grade
MBOU "School No. 15" Glazov
Udmurt Republic
Supervisor:
Karavaeva Natalya Petrovna,
primary school teacher
2016
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….……3
1. “What a delight these fairy tales are!” …………………………………………….5
2. Lopsho Pedun - myth or reality? ……………………………..7
3. What do schoolchildren know?................ …………………………………….8
4. In the homeland of Lopsho Pedunya ………………………………………………………………..10
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………12
References……………….…………………………………………..14
I am sure that every home has books and among them there will definitely be fairy tales. The fairy tale is one of the most popular genres of children's literature. By reading or listening to a fairy tale, we “travel” to distant lands, to distant countries, together with the heroes of fairy tales, and learn about the life of peoples. It develops the mind and imagination. Her apt, precise, figurative language enriches our speech. Miracles and a fascinating plot occupy our imagination, fairy tales also have an educational function. It is not for nothing that folk wisdom is passed down through fairy tales from generation to generation. Moreover, we learn to mentally act in imaginary situations. The fairy tale conveys to us the concepts of morality: what is “good” and what is “bad”. The fairy tale teaches us not to be afraid of difficulties. The main character always takes on any task, no matter how impossible it may seem. And in the fact that he wins, self-confidence, courage and the help of friends play a significant role. One of the main ideas of the fairy tale: don’t have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends. A fairy-tale hero always has many friends: people, animals, birds, fish. Because he does not refuse to help those he meets on his way, and they, in turn, do not abandon our hero in trouble.
I especially like reading folk tales. Each people living on the territory of multinational Russia has its own fairy-tale hero: among the Russians it is Ivanushka the Fool; among the Tatars - Shurale; among the peoples of Central Asia - Hajja Nassreddin; among the Germans - Hans; but among the Udmurts, the main fairy-tale hero is Lopsho Pedun. So who is this interesting character? When I first picked up the book and read his name, I was at a loss - it seemed very strange to me. But when I read a few fairy tales, I became interested.
I put target- find out who he is, this joker and merry fellow, a clever and quick-witted man who could easily outwit his greedy and stingy owner, teach an ignoramus and a quitter a lesson.
To achieve this goal, I decided to do the following: tasks:
Build research experience; learn to find useful information; learn to work with additional literature;
Find out if he had a prototype;
Visit the Igrinsky Museum of Local Lore with your class, where you can get acquainted with the history of the Lopsho Pedun family;
Conduct a study among students in a class, elementary school.
To successfully solve the tasks, I used research methods:
Literature Study
Conducting a statistical survey, questioning classmates,
Analysis of the information received, processing of the results.
During the work it was put forward research hypothesis, based on the assumption that this fairy-tale character had a prototype. In my work I will try to answer the question - who is he, Lopsho Pedun - a myth or reality?
1. “What a delight these fairy tales are!”
Having studied the Udmurt fairy tale repertoire, I concluded that the repertoire of the Udmurt people, like the Russian people, is rich and diverse.
And I would also divide all the Udmurt fairy tales I have read into the following groups:
tales about animals
· fairy tales
· everyday tales
But I want to dwell in more detail on everyday fairy tales.
The themes of everyday fairy tales are varied. You can find an example for literally all occasions in Udmurt everyday tales. Among them there are fairy tales on favorite themes, and they have their own favorite heroes. This is certainly Lopsho Pedun - the main fairy-tale hero of the Udmurts - a quick-witted man, a joker and a merry fellow, a dexterous and quick-witted man who could easily outwit his greedy and stingy master, teach an ignoramus and a quitter a lesson, because he himself was a man of work. And in Russian folk tales this is Ivan the Fool.
I read a lot of fairy tales about Lopsho Pedunya. His antics remained as a memory of past times, as an example of the humor of the Udmurt people. The reader fell in love with this hero so much that he became a collective hero.
...Among them, I am not offended by fate,
Lives Lopsho Pedun - a red-haired rogue,
He is reputed to be a glorious shepherd,
But he is no longer familiar.
Lopsho is crafty, like a hundred Chinese,
Slyer than a fox, quicker than a hare.
Although not very tall,
To be famous for your broad soul:
Then he’ll teach the greedy a lesson with a ruble,
Then he will publicly infuriate the brawler,
And there is no problem for him,
Comes out of the water dry.
In everyday fairy tales of the Udmurt people, as well as the Russian ones, clever and cunning heroes, soldiers, workers, even robbers, fool priests, merchants, right up to the tsar himself. In all of them there is a contrast between poverty and wealth, intelligence and complacent stupidity, selfless generosity and greedy greed. An everyday fairy tale is a generalization of life phenomena.
A unique genre of the Udmurt fairy-tale repertoire consists of short-story tales. In content and form, they are close to everyday humorous or satirical stories. The heroes of these fairy tales: poor and rich brothers, peasant and master, merchants, priests, clever and cunning people - do not commit incredible acts, do not fight monsters, they act in ordinary everyday situations. The main weapon of social fairy tales is laughter: they ridicule human vices - greed, envy, stubbornness, stupidity, laziness, etc. The novelistic fairy tale has freed itself from the signs of magical fiction, from the conventions of fairy tales about animals, from ancient forms of mythological concepts and ideas . She convinces listeners and readers of the injustice of existing social norms.
2. Lopsho Pedun - myth or reality?
Having read a sufficient number of fairy tales about this main character, I often thought about whether this character was invented by the Udmurt people, or is he a real historical character?
And when my class and I went on a trip to the Igrinsky Museum of Local Lore and I found out that there you could get acquainted with the history of the Lopsho Pedun family, I was very happy.
It turned out that our cheerful sage Lopsho Pedun was born in the Igrinsky district in time immemorial, is still living young and is not going to grow old in the coming centuries.
And yet who is he, Lopsho Pedun: myth or reality? It turns out that there was a very real prototype. The guides of the local history museum showed the family tree and explained that in fact Lopsho Pedun is a real historical character. This - Fedor Chirkov, who was born in 1875 in the Igrinsky district in the village of Levaya Kushya. In Udmurt, Fedor is Pedor (there is no letter “f” in the Udmurt language), and in childhood his mother affectionately called him Pedun. The nickname Lopsho (from Udmurt: joker, merry fellow) was given to Pedunya by fellow villagers for his cheerful and mischievous disposition.
This is what was discussed in one section of the museum route. As an adult, he married the beautiful Odok, baptized Theodosia. And one day Pedun learned the secret of happiness. Once on a forest path he found a piece of paper from an ancient sacred Udmurt book, on which it was written: “Don’t take everything to heart, look at everything cheerfully, and luck will not bypass you.” By this principle he began to live. Since then, any business was resolved in his hands, and among his fellow countrymen he was known as a source of inexhaustible humor, wit and worldly cunning, for which the people nicknamed him Lopsho (merry fellow). Also during this excursion we became acquainted with another of its treasures - the family tree, which is reflected in the museum on a huge birch bark leaf. Odok gave birth to her husband three sons and two daughters, who, in turn, had 17 children...
The family of Fyodor Chirkov has more than 300 descendants, many of them still live in the family village.
It was discovered (Lopsho Pedunya) by one of the first folklore expeditions of the Udmurt Research Institute. And the staff of the Igrinsky Museum of Local Lore continued this work, relying on the local history material of K.A. Chirkova, a resident of the village of Levaya Kushya.
3. What do schoolchildren know?
Even before the trip to the Igrinsky Museum of Local Lore, a survey was conducted among my classmates. His goal was the following - to find out whether the name Lopsho Pedun is familiar to the students of our class.
The questionnaire consisted of three questions:
1. Do you know who Lopsho Pedun is?
2. Have you read fairy tales about Lopsho Pedun?
3. What is his appearance, who does Lopsho Pedun look like?
On first question Not all students responded positively.
18 people know that he is a cheerful hero of Udmurt fairy tales, adding that he entertained the people, that he fooled people (that’s why he has such a name);
3 students believe that Lopsho Pedun is an Udmurt brownie;
2 students believe that Lopsho Pedun is a hero of Russian folk tales;
5 classmates do not know who Lopsho Pedun is.
Analyzing responses to second question questionnaire, I learned that not all of my classmates had read fairy tales about Lopsho Pedun.
Answers to third question were very diverse. It turned out that most of my classmates (19 people) know that Lopsho Pedun is a cheerful man who wears a shirt with a belt, a hat, and bast shoes. But there were also opinions that our hero looked like a brownie, like a goblin, like an old man.
After a trip to Lopsho Pedunya’s homeland, almost all the students in our class know more about this character.
In order to find out whether students in other classes know who Lopsho Pedun is, we decided to conduct a survey among elementary school students at our school. The survey was conducted through questionnaires. 120 elementary school students (grades 2, 3, 4) took part in it and answered the same questions.
The results of the survey are presented in the table:
Table 1
Do you know who Lopsho Pedun is?
|
They know |
Quantity |
|
|
The cheerful hero of Udmurt fairy tales (the joker and the merry fellow) |
||
|
Hero of Russian folk tales, fairy tale hero |
||
|
Grandfather |
||
|
Leshy, forester |
||
|
Udmurt brownie |
||
|
Spirit of Maslenitsa |
||
|
Theater man |
||
|
Udmurt Father Frost |
||
|
They don't know |
It turns out that only a third of schoolchildren know who Lopsho Pedun is. This is precisely what the results of the answers to the next question indicate.
table 2
Have you read fairy tales about Lopsho Pedun?
Table 3
What is his appearance, who does Lopsho Pedun look like?
|
They know |
|
|
A cheerful man who wears a shirt with a belt, a hat, bast shoes, and a beard |
|
|
Grandpa, old man |
|
|
Brownie, goblin, gnome, merman |
|
|
Looks like Ivan the Fool |
|
|
The boy is an eccentric |
|
|
- looks like Pinocchio, brownie Kuzya, doll |
|
|
Other answers (looks like a gardener, a forester, a peasant, an old hero, a village musician, a poor man, etc.) |
|
|
They don't know |
During the survey, it was revealed that elementary school students read few fairy tales of the Udmurt people and do not know the main fairy-tale character of the Udmurts.
In addition, the librarian of our school Volkova N.F. confirmed our assumption.
4. In the homeland of Lopsho Pedunya
The day came when my class and I went on an excursion trip. Our route included a visit to the Igrinsky Museum of Local Lore, where we learned about the history of the Lopsho Pedunya family, a visit to the Folk Art Center with a tour of the workshops and a master class on making Udmurt pester from birch bark; Center of Udmurt culture with an entertainment program from Lopsho Pedun himself and tasting of national dishes.
At the local history museum we were greeted very warmly and we immediately found ourselves in an unusual room. The exhibition “Visiting Lopsho Pedun” and the exhibition “Such a different Lopsho Pedun” were presented there. Employees of the Igrinsky Museum of Local Lore, relying on the local history material of K.A. Chirkova, a resident of the village of Levaya Kushya, said that there was a very real prototype. This is exactly what was discussed in many sections of the museum route. His story was revealed and now retold to visitors by the dressed Lopsho Pedun, an old-timer in the village of Levaya Kushya in the Igrinsky district, Honored Worker of Culture of Udmurtia Kapitalina Chirkova.
We learned about the origin of this interesting name Lopsho Pedun, learned about the ancient sacred Udmurt book and the words that Lopsho Pedun read: “Don’t take everything to heart, look at everything cheerfully, and luck will not bypass you.”
And its main wealth, according to our guides, is its family tree, which is reflected in the museum on a huge birch bark leaf.
At the Center of Udmurt Culture in the village of Sundur, Igrinsky district, Lopsho Pedun himself greeted us with a theatrical play program. As we approached, we saw the house of an Udmurt old man - the most ordinary one, there are many of them on the street. But then we entered the gate and found ourselves in a completely different world: a small bathhouse, a wooden well, a homemade children's sled and a large sled. In the center of the courtyard, a red-haired grandfather with an accordion cheerfully greets guests. Three merry women help him.
Children and adults took part in folk games with interest. Then everyone “purified themselves” by jumping over the fire. And we went into the house to try dishes of national Udmurt cuisine - perepechi with herbal tea.
Conclusion
Until recently, it was believed that Lopsho Pedun was the fruit of Udmurt folk art. However, local historians of the Igrinsky district found out that Lopsho Pedun actually lived. And now he would be 141 years old. At one time, the old man became famous for his cheerful disposition, collection of Udmurt folklore and folk crafts. This is exactly what we learned while traveling to visit Lopsho Pedun.
During our research, we confirmed hypothesis- Indeed, this fairy-tale character had a prototype. In this we were greatly helped by people who study, systematize all the collected material, and also convey it to listeners.
Lopsho Pedun is an Udmurt guy.
He is a joker and a merry fellow.
If you find yourself in Sundur,
Stay with him.
Walk down the street quietly -
Suddenly he runs out from behind the gate!
And then you will easily get dizzy
Round dance of funny jokes.
He will tell a story or a fairy tale.
It's more fun in the world to live with him.
Lopsho Pedun is a cheerful guy,
Let's be friends with him!
As one of the museum guides notes: “We are not showing Lopsho Pedun himself, but Udmurt culture through his image.”
Lopsho Pedunya is loved, parodied and actively promoted as an Igrinsky brand. The regional museum of local lore has a unique exhibition that cannot be found in any other museum in the world - this is a hall dedicated to Lopsho Pedun, and a theatrical program “Game within a Game with Lopsho Pedun” has also been developed (a branch of the museum is the Center of Udmurt Culture in the village of Sundur) .
In the process of working on the study, I gained research experience; learned to find useful information; work with additional literature
The work done helped me, as well as my classmates, to acquire new knowledge in literature and local history.
As part of this research work, having studied Udmurt fairy tales, I concluded that the Udmurt people have such moral values as love for the Motherland, hard work, and love for their loved ones.
And the fairy tales themselves, together with their characters, help us better evaluate our own behavior and the actions of the people around us, and instill in us modesty, benevolence, integrity, and selflessness.
Bibliography:
1. Zueva T.V. "Russian folklore". Moscow, Flinta, 1998.
2. Lopsho Pedun laughs. Izhevsk, “Udmurtia” 2002
3. Myths, legends and fairy tales of the Udmurt people: literary processing by N. Kralina. - Ustinov, 1986. - 202 p.
4. Internet resources.
5. “Udmurt folk tales.” Izhevsk, “Udmurtia” 1976
Simanova Maria, Karavaeva Natalya Petrovna Lopsho Pedun - who is he? // . - . - No.;
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